hello and welcome to this exam question video today we're looking at aqa gcse and we've got
these questions here 19 or more specifically 19.1 we'll look at 19.2 uh later on but for this
one we're looking at the planes and axes where the arm is bending at the elbow in figure four
so we've got a tennis player here who's going from a forehand preparation phase through to
the execution phase so before we answer any sort of question like this we first need to identify
what sort of joint action is occurring and then we always take it back to anatomical position
to assess whether or how the planes and axes are being used or are involved in that movement
anatomical position obviously being with our feet and palms facing forward
hands down by our side head looking forwards so it's that openly positioned with palms facing
forward and toes facing forward not too dissimilar to how this tender performer is actually standing
but what we'll do we'll look at the elbow look at the joint action and then we'll quickly run
through what we've got open at the bottom here uh is the slide from the left presentation inside the
portal uh on planes and axes so movement at the elbow we know that the elbow we've got a hinge
joint so only two actions can occur and that is flexion and extension so in order to work out what
sort of planar axes we can look at this action and determine if it's flexion or extension so
if this person is going from preparation through to the execution phase we've got a an extended
joint to start with followed by a decreased joint so we know that flexion is occurring at the elbow
so if we now take that into anatomical position and sort of replicate flexion at the elbow very
similar to a bicep curl move bringing those fists or palms up from beside our pockets
up towards our shoulder decreasing the angle of the joint so now we need to determine which
plane and axes flexion at the elbow occurs in now with a plane we're looking for a parallel movement
we're looking for that windscreen wiper action where the limb or the bone would be wiping that
surface of the plane so it's moving parallel to it the axis on the other hand is the perpendicular
line almost that metal pin or pole that imaginary axis which if we were to spin or turn the axes it
would cause that rotational event to occur just like the earth spins on the axis that runs from
north to south pole if we were to turn both ends of the axis then the earth would spin it would
rotate in that direction it would move well east to west so with flexion of the elbow we're looking
at the frontal axis okay the frontal axis because that axis is going across the joint allowing
for forwards and backwards movement so nice way to remember that is the f the frontal axis
allows for forwards and backwards movement and we know that the joint action of flexion is when our
hand or which is down by our pockets our hand is being flexed or our elbows flexing therefore
our hands are coming forwards from our body if we were to then put the arm back to our body
then it would be going backwards so forwards and backwards movements from anatomical position occur
around the frontal axes now it's always going to be the same plane planes and axes work in pairs
so whenever you've got an axes then you're always going to have the same perpendicular plane to it
a nice way to sort of remember that or to work through it in your head is to get a pen and a
spare piece of paper stab it through the middle and then you can just sort of tilt it almost like
a spinning top just tilt it around until you work out which pair of axes and planes you're dealing
with so we know that we're dealing with the blue we've got the frontal axes because we've got that
forwards and backwards rotation at flexion elbow and it's a sagittal plane because that splits
our body or limb down the midline so it splits us into our side it's our left and right hand sides
so the sagittal plane the s for sides the frontal axis for forwards and backwards those two together
will allow for flexion at the elbow from the preparation to the execution phase of the tennis
forehand now this question could ask you for any joint any sort of action any sort of sporting
context what you need to do is be able to take that sporting movement back to anatomical position
and then assess the joint action in anatomical position so even though here technically the
axes would be sort of going from north to south or top to bottom through the elbow
and the arm would be sort of flexing like this like a door we would take that joint action
to anatomical position down by our side and then assess it from there so that's that we
have our sagittal plane and frontal axis causing reflection in the elbow in the execution part of
the tennis forehand i hope it helped i'll see you again in the next one bye for now