Both Space Agency's NASA and Israel have impacted the world and opened up a whole new world in what's possible for?
humanity to achieve in space exploration
Welcome back to another episode of fcd facts. My name is Leroy Kenton. So there's a lot to cover in this video
And before I do that
Don't forget to leave a like on this video if you love learning about outer space and space technology
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Okay, so I'm just gonna jump right in and first up. I'm gonna start with the space agency
It's row is Row is a six largest space agency in the world and it stands for the Indian Space Research
Organization, and it was founded in August 15
1969 and it operates under the Department of space which is under the government of India
It's row has its headquarters in Bengaluru, Karnataka India and its primary
Spaceport is the Satish Dhawan Space Center and that's located in Andhra Pradesh, India
Spaceport can also be called a cosmodrome and it's a site for launching or receiving spacecraft
So like similar to an airport for airplanes or a seaport for boat in this case. It's a spaceport
Now this row has a vision and that is to harness space
Technology for national development while pursuing space science research and planetary exploration
And as you know space exploration and research is quite expensive
according to the most recent estimates Israel has a budget of
1.6 billion dollars us to work with and the organization has sixteen thousand seventy two staff members
Moving on now to NASA NASA is the number one largest Space Agency in the world and NASA stands for the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration
And NASA is an independent agency of the United States government and it's responsible for the civilian space program as well as Aeronautics
which is the science or the art involved with the study design and
manufacturing aircrafts and aerospace research
NASA was formed on July 29 to 1958 and their headquarters is at the two
And square better known as simply just the NASA headquarters in Washington DC in the United States. NASA is led by
Administrator Jim brine Steen and he's NASA's 13th administrator. The total employees working at NASA is 17,000
336 and they have a budget of 20 point seven billion
Dollars and all of this is in place just to fulfill on the vision of the agency
Which is we reach for new heights and reveal the unknown for the benefit of humanity
Now that I shared all of that information
I want to get more into what these space agencies actually do so for its row its mission is clear
The main objective of is ro is to use space technology and its application for various tasks
The indian space program was driven by the vision of vikram sarabhai
And he's considered the father of the indian space program and he said back in the year 1969
There are some who questioned the relevance of space activities in the developing nation to us
There's no ambiguity of purpose
we do not have the fantasy of competing with the
Economically advanced nations in the exploration of the moon or the planet or manned spaceflight
But we are convinced that if we are to play a meaningful role
nationally and in the community of nations
We must be second to none in the application of advanced technologies to the real
Problems of man and society now the Israel's headquarters
It coordinates up programs like satellite communication earth observation disaster management support sponsored research schemes
contract management international
cooperation
safety reliability
publications and public relations budget and economic analysis civil engineering and
Human resource development now getting into more specifics of what NASA does as an agency so nasa operates and maintains
Communication satellites it monitors and manages large portions of the International Space Station
Including you know supplying it
Experiments astronaut health and it trains new astronauts and it operates and maintains
satellites that monitor whether as well as satellites that monitor the Sun stars and nebulae co2
Atmospheric levels as well as a whole bunch of other things having to do with space and launching stuff up there
I mean like listening what NASA does would take up a whole new video in and of itself?
So you see NASA is a massive organization and they have different facilities
Responsible for research construction and communication centers and some facilities serve more than one purpose
So now we got a bit more of an idea of what these agencies are and what they do
Their size and all of that but the question now is how did these agencies actually get to where they are?
And where did they have their start when we look at history the Space Research activities began in early?
1960s when the Tokyo Olympics Games
broadcasted live across is Pacific by the American satellite called sync comp 3 and this
Broadcast really demonstrated the power of communication satellite. And dr
Vikram Sarabhai who was at the time the director of the physical research laboratory
He saw how space technologies could benefit India. So from there. He took a look and he assembled a team of brilliant
scientists zoella's
anthropologists and
communicators and social science from all different parts of India to lead the Indian space
Program and that's when the in Coast bar or the Indian National Committee for Space Research was formed and in the year
1967 the first
experimental satellite communication earth station or the es CES for short was
operationalized and then in Coast bar eventually grew into the Indian Space Research
Organization or Iskra in the year 1969 now to establish
That a satellite system can contribute to the national development. The next logical step was the satellite
instructional television
Experiment or si te for short which spells out site and this was seen as the largest
sociological experiment in the world during
1975 to 1976 the experiment benefited around
200,000 people covering
2,400 different villages of six different states and it transmitted programs using the American technology
Known as the 80s 6 during this period the first Indian spacecraft the aryabhata
Was developed and was launched using a Soviet launcher
now another major landmark was the development of the first launch vehicle the slv-3 with a
capability to place 40 kilograms in low-earth orbit
which had its first successful flight in the year 1980 and see this it paved the way for
learning about launch vehicle design for more complex missions
So that was some of the early history of Istra and for NASA
This began during the late 1940s during the late 1940s
the Department of Defense pursued research and rocketry and upper atmospheric sciences as a means of assuring
American leadership in technology a major step forward came when President Dwight D
Eisenhower approved a plan to orbit a scientific satellite as part of the International Geophysical
Year or the igy and this was during the period of July 1st 1957 to December 31st
1958 this was a cooperative effort to gather scientific data about the earth the Soviet Union quickly followed suit
Announcing their plans to orbit its own satellites
Now the Naval Research Laboratories project Vanguard was chosen on the 9th of September
1955 to support the igy effort and the project Vanguard got some major publicity
throughout the second half of the year 1955 and
1956 by the technical demands were too much and the funding was way too small then a huge
full-scale crisis resulted on October 4th 1957
One of the Soviets launched Sputnik one the world's first artificial satellite
As its entry in the igy more immediately the United States launched its first Earth
satellite on January 31st
1958 the United States also began a series of scientific missions to the moon and planets in the latter parts of 1950s in the early
1960s as a direct result of this Sputnik crisis NASA began operations on October 1st 1958
absorbing itself into the early National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics with its
8,000 employees as well as an annual budget of a hundred million dollars and its major research laboratories and it quickly incorporated other
Organizations into this new agency and then NASA began to conduct space missions within months of its creation
So that was an inside look into the early history of escrow and NASA
So since then what were some of the major successes of these space agencies? Let's first look at NASA
So since establishment most United States space exploration efforts have been led by NASA
Including the Apollo moon landing missions the Skylab space station and later the Space Shuttle
NASA supports the International Space Station and oversees the development of the Orion multi-purpose crew vehicle
the Space Launch System and the Commercial Crew vehicles now just looking at some more of
NASA's accomplishments and successes on May 5th 1961 astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in space
During a 15-minute suborbital flight in his freedom 7 Mercury capsule on May 25th
1961 shortly after Alan Shepards flight
President John F
Kennedy announces America's goal to land humans on the moon before the end of the decade on June 3rd
1965 the first American spacewalk by Ed White testing out spacesuit technology
happened December 24th
1968 the Apollo 8 crew saw the earth while orbiting the moon for the first
Time probably one of the most historic events happened on July 20th 1969
in Apollo 11 Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first men to walk on the moon on August 20th and
September 9th
1975 NASA launched the first spacecraft to Mars
Viking 1 and 2 and they became the first US mission to land safely on Mars and return
images of Mars's surface on April 25th
1990 the Hubble Space Telescope
Was deployed and then on December 5th 2014
NASA's Orion capsule completed its first space flight test and that's the only naming a few
Accomplishments now, let's see what is stro has accomplished and succeeded at mr
O had built India's first satellite the Aryabhata which was launched by the Soviet you on April 19th
1975 also in the year 1980 rohini became the first satellite to be placed in orbit by the Indian made launch vehicle the
Slv-3 histo subsequently developed two other rockets the polar satellite launch vehicle or the PSLV
for launching satellites into polar orbits and the
geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle the GSLV for placing satellites into
Geostationary orbits these Rockets have launched numerous
Communication satellites and earth observation satellites as well as several satellite navigation
Systems have been deployed in January 2014 Israel used an indigenous cryogenic
engine in the GSLV
D5 launch for the g s-- at 14 also israel sent a lunar orbiter the chandrayaan-1 on october 22nd
2008 and as well as a mars orbiter on the 5th of november 2013
Which entered Mars's orbit on the 24th of september?
2014 and this made india the first nation to succeed on its first attempts to Mars and
Israel the fourth space agency in the world as well as his first space agency in Asia to reach Mars's orbit
There's also a big success on June 18 2016
Where is row set a record with a launch of?
20 satellites in a single payload and this included a satellite from Google his Roe had also launched its heaviest rocket the
geosynchronous satellite launch vehicle mark 2 on June 5th 2017 and place a
Communication satellite the GSI 19 in orbit with this launch Israel became capable of launching four ton heavy
Satellites into orbit now to end off this episode, honestly
I have so much appreciation for the men and women who have contributed to space exploration in any way Thank You NASA
Thank you Israel for your contribution, and I can't wait to see what discoveries are made next
Thank you everyone for learning with me. You can also follow me on social media. Those links are down below
You've been awesome and I'll see you in another episode
Hague all of you amazing people who made it to this end screen, here's some playlists we can check out more
educational videos there's
About space as well as the world in general and don't forget to come back here every single day to FTD FAQs for more videos