HARI SREENIVASAN: At least 41 dead, more than 80 wounded, that's the toll in today's bombing
attack in Kabul, Afghanistan.
It was the latest in a series of strikes by the Islamic State group.
John Yang begins our coverage.
JOHN YANG: Cries of grieving relatives echoed through the wreckage of a Shiite cultural
center.
Most found only shoes on a blood-stained floor.
MAN (through translator): I saw many dead in the area.
I was looking for my cousin, but I could not find his body.
I'm not sure what happened to him.
JOHN YANG: Officials said a suicide attacker slipped inside and blew himself up.
As people fled, more bombs went off outside.
Many of the victims were students attending a conference at the center, which is in a
poor neighborhood of Western Kabul.
Bloody and burned, they flooded into a nearby hospital.
MOHAMMAD HASSAN REZAYEE, Victim (through translator): The conference had started.
A blast went off.
After that, I was unconscious.
When I regained consciousness, the meeting hall was full of flames and smoke.
JOHN YANG: The Taliban denied any involvement.
And the Islamic State group, made up of Sunni extremists, claimed responsibility.
Afghan President Ashraf Ghani called it an attack against Islam and all human values.
The White House also condemned the bombing, which came despite last week's claim of victory
over the Islamic State from the vice president during a visit to Afghanistan.
MIKE PENCE, Vice President of the United States: ISIS is on the run.
Their capital has fallen.
Their so-called caliphate has crumbled from Iraq to Afghanistan and everywhere in between.
JOHN YANG: But the militants have been stepping up their strikes in Kabul, and they continue
battling U.S. and Afghan troops in Eastern Afghanistan.
For the "PBS NewsHour," I'm John Yang.
HARI SREENIVASAN: To help us assess the situation, we're joined by Laurel Miller.
She was the deputy and then acting special representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan
during the Obama administration.
She's now a senior political scientist at the RAND Corporation.
Laurel Miller, what's the status of ISIS in Afghanistan?
LAUREL MILLER, RAND Corporation: ISIS has proven to be a surprisingly resilient force
in Afghanistan over the last couple of years.
It emerged in early 2015, predominantly composed of former Pakistani Taliban.
That is a different group than the Afghan Taliban, though it has undoubtedly attracted
some local adherents as well, including other militant groups, such as the Islamic Movement
of Uzbekistan, which is an Afghanistan-focused group.
It has suffered considerable pressure from the U.S. forces in Afghanistan, from Afghan
government forces and, indeed, from Afghan Taliban forces as well.
But despite claims of success and the progress against the group in Afghanistan over the
last year-and-a-half, as you saw in today's events there, it has proven resilient, and
it has proven able to regenerate its forces.
HARI SREENIVASAN: How much of this is due to the porous and somewhat lawless border
with Pakistan?
LAUREL MILLER: That's certainly a factor that facilitates the endurance of a variety of
militant groups in the region.
It's not just a question of the porousness of the border, a border of that area that
indeed many locals simply don't recognize as an actual border, but it's also a question
of the lack of any government control on either side of the border and a certain lawlessness
and remoteness in this area.
HARI SREENIVASAN: What's the relationship between the Taliban and the ISIS?
They're philosophically rather different.
LAUREL MILLER: They are rather different.
The Afghan Taliban is a, essentially, nationalist organization in Afghanistan.
It has political goals.
It, from its own self-perception, was illegitimately overthrown by U.S. forces in 2001, and it
believes that it has a claim on legitimate power in Afghanistan.
It doesn't have ambitions beyond the border of Afghanistan.
The ISIS branch in Afghanistan-Pakistan area, by contrast, is part of the global ISIS movement
that has a variety of branches around the world, and that branch sees the Afghan government
as an illegitimate force, but in a different way than the Afghan Taliban.
The Afghan Taliban and the ISIS branch in Afghanistan have actively fought each other.
They may benefit from some of the same kinds of supply networks in the region, but they
are groups that are opposed to each other and have engaged in combat against each other.
HARI SREENIVASAN: So, is this the global nature of ISIS that keeps it funded?
I mean, where do they get their support?
LAUREL MILLER: That's difficult to say.
I mean, early on, there were some indications of financial support, material support from
the core of ISIS in Iraq, Syria, but that has no doubt dwindled as the fortunes of core
ISIS have dwindled as well.
But, like other militant groups in the Afghanistan-Pakistan region, ISIS is able to generate revenue locally
to keep its fight going.
It's able to extort the local population, exploit them in a variety of ways.
And, of course, we're talking about a region that's just awash in weaponry, and not terribly
difficult to obtain.
HARI SREENIVASAN: All right, Laurel Miller, thanks so much.
LAUREL MILLER: Thank you.