hiya i'm bruce fumi from scotland
history tours
today i thought i'd take you to where
the english civil war
started and finished
here on the royal mile in edinburgh now
if you're wondering how the english
civil war start and ended here
then this is the video for you if you're
interested in the people
places and events in scottish history
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let me tell you a story
this is saint giles cathedral in the
high street in edinburgh's royal mile
really it's the high carcass scotland
and in a way
that's the source of the problems if you
go inside that front door there you can
turn either to the left or to the right
but if you go to the right and then walk
along the southern side of the kirk
you'll see a bronze sculpture of a
three-legged stool
that commemorates the start of the
english civil war
we should probably call it the war of
the three kingdoms but to be honest
that might confuse americans let's take
a stroll
the transition from cathedral to kirk
happened around 1560
with a scottish reformation john knox
became the minister here
now this isn't where the scottish
reformation started but it's certainly
where it was consolidated with the
ministry of that very man
if you haven't seen it already then you
should watch my video about john knox
it's
called the man who changed scotland
obviously
there will be a link at the end i'm also
going to leave a link
to some books that are really interested
in the description below but let's get
on with the story
i had to step over that mary queen of
scots was forced to abdicate in 1657
and james vi was the child king who grew
up the first
monarch in reformation scotland and as
it grew
the presbyterian church and the
protestant nobility were in control
some of the radical protestant ability
didn't even think that scotland was
presbyterian enough
and as a teenager they abducted james
and the raider rathbun and took him
hostage
for 18 months so from childhood
he had to learn how to negotiate the
shark infested holy waters
of religion and power politics in
scotland
but adulthood it learned how to impose
himself
to use parliament and political
maneuvering to exercise some control
over the all-powerful scottish church
they were often
at loggerheads you see when james was
still in the womb
his dad had been murdered in a gun
powder plot
and his mother's lives and heads had
been threatened by the father of that
raider rather than leader guy as an
adult
he was trapped in the house of the sons
of that radar rather than leader guy
as gun powder was placed underneath it
the story's about
i'll leave a link at the end to my video
the day the uk
nearly didn't happen now as far as james
was concerned
all this was proof that god watched over
him and he was divinely
appointed god meant that he should be
head of the church
and to appoint bishops as he pleased
presbyterians thought that christ was
head of the church
james merely one of the congregation and
there should be
no bishops but eventually james did
manage to appoint three bishops to
parliament
and he was prepared to buy this time
scotland had proved difficult but with
age of 37
james was pretty much on top of things
and was able to control parliament
around there
and impose himself then in 1603
queen elizabeth of england died and
james
became king of england wherever since
his two times great uncle henry viii
the king had been head of the anglican
church and thus
appointed bishops he couldn't wait
to get down to england ah it must have
been like the relief for taking a tight
brow off after a long day's work
that's right ladies equal opportunity
metaphor for the 21st century scotland
you don't get that when you'll over do
you
james headed south but before he even
got to london puritans
had presented them with a petition for
changes to the english system
ah for god's sake i've only just got my
brow off and now it turns out the
english are even bigger tits than the
scots
england was officially anglican
which meant that he would be head of the
church rather than christ the savior and
living god
but england also had a catholic minority
who'd supported his mother mary queen of
scots
and in the run-up to becoming king of
england james
might just have given the impression
that he would ease some of their
persecution
but it turns out he wasn't as
all-powerful as he expected to be
their disappointment led to another
gunpowder plot
and more explosives planned for the
opening of parliament two years later
but it was worse than that because as
well as anglicans and catholics
the english had their own presbyterians
as well
and they had independents who formed all
sorts of other factions
we'll have to get rid of them if only
there was some
inhospitable lands across the atlantic
where we could send them
it was worse even than that the english
parliamentary system was more developed
than in scotland
with a house of commoners as well as a
house of lords
they weren't so easy to manipulate as
the scottish parliament had been
now elizabeth had charmed them and
cajoled them
threatened them and pacified them but
now with a substitute teacher sent from
up north
[Laughter]
so in scotland james had to jiggle
highlanders and lowlanders
were helen injured a catholic minority
and presbyterians who opposed bishops
and he had to do it from 400 miles away
in london
in england he had to manage catholics
and anglicans who didn't mind bishops
but also presbyterians and other
puritans who did
and a parliament that was on his
doorstep but wasn't buying his divine
right of king's line
well james managed to do a reasonably
good job of managing and negotiating
this minefield
did i forget to mention ireland
with england he inherited ireland as
well and i'll be honest
he cocked that up a bit so ireland
was catholic with a protestant minority
who had all the power
some of them were anglican episcopalians
but james
made things worse by sending a bunch of
presbyterians to the north
so as to exercise control and
to be honest we don't have time but they
turned out to be much better with
explosives than any of the previous lot
faced with this tapas of religions the
smorgsburg
of nations this assorted buffy of
constitutional arrangements
james had two unification projects
religious and national on religion
he was relatively successful he didn't
rock the boat too much and he ended up
with a new translation of the bible
named after him
squeezing three kingdoms into one
toothpaste tube
that is a bigger challenge and he died
with that dream unfulfilled ladies and
gentlemen
please welcome to the stage king charles
the first james's son charles
looked at the challenge in front of him
he had three ferrets
and one sack now i know there are some
french folk that watch these and they
might not be familiar with this metaphor
imagine sag
como
he looked at the ferrets he looked at
the sack
and he decided that the best way to get
the three ferrets
into one sack would be if they all
converted to the church of england
and no one gets a parliament so
scotland would have bishops and
an anglican prayer book and so on sunday
the 23rd of july 1637
when james haney the dean of edinburgh
began to read the english service for
the first time
here in saint giles cathedral the high
carcass scotland
a woman called jenny gadis stood up
lifted her three-legged stool from
underneath her shouted dinner read your
english mass at me
and threw the stool all hell broke loose
a riot broke out in the street here up
and down the country
committees were set up proposals were
produced and sent to charles
now the king who ruled by divine right
rejected them
and so on the 28th of february 1638 and
greyfriars kirkyard
people gathered for the first signing of
the national
covenant it would be sent all around the
country to every town and village
everyone would be encouraged to sign to
state that the scottish church is
supreme
above earthly authority and the
covenanters
took control of scotland now the rest of
the details i'll have to wait for other
videos but
long story short this set off the
bishop's wars
charles had to recall the english
parliament to raise money to put down
rebellious scots
they also had a lot of unacceptable
conditions
as man in ireland faced even more
difficulties imposing anglican church
there
charles raised his own army the english
parliament raised theirs
scots fought the irish the english
fought the english the king got the chop
the english fought the irish the scots
fought the english and finally
when english parliamentarians and oliver
cromwell's new model army had defeated
everyone a proclamation was read
at the market cross in edinburgh to say
that scotland
would be subsumed into england thus
bringing to an end the english civil war
more correctly
the war of the three kingdoms which
started
with jenny garris throwing a stool in
that church in 1637
and ended with a proclamation at this
market cross
in 1654. i believe
my work here is done now if you want to
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nearly didn't happen here alternatively
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