Hello, my dear friends! Welcome to Series English!
My name is Antonia Romaker
and today we'll talk about the difference between 'no' and 'none'.
Basically we are going to talk about three:
no, none and none of.
First of all let's talk about these in general.
'No' and 'none of' are determiners,
so they determine nouns.
Therefore we can conclude
that after them we are supposed to find a noun.
They are connected with nouns.
As for 'none' it is a pronoun,
so it doesn't need any nouns after it.
As simple as that.
All these indicate negation.
I'm sure you already understand that.
OK, now let's get into more details
and we'll start with 'no'.
'No' is used directly before nouns.
And it means not a, not any.
Let's take a look at a couple of examples.
We've got no time to waste.
As you can see after 'no' there is a noun - 'time'.
We've got no time to waste.
He has no money, no car, no dwelling,
but he has the most essential thing - a soul.
There was no bus, so she had to walk home.
So as you can see in all three sentences
we have a noun after 'no': no time,
no car, no dwelling, no money, no bus.
'No' can be used at the very beginning of the sentence.
For example: No man is safe around her, she's a man-eater.
Or: No reason was given for dropping the case.
And now we'll analyze the word 'none'.
'None' is used without any nouns.
So it's used alone,
no noun is necessary after it as I have already pointed out.
So use 'none' as a pronoun
to replace countable and uncountable nouns.
So practically the meaning of 'none' is not one, not any.
So we replace countable and uncountable nouns,
and of course the meaning is negative.
Examples: How much time do you have? None.
We can ask the same question about money.
How much money do you have? None. OMG.
He has three cars and she has none.
All the candy was eaten at the party,
there was none left. Somebody is a sweet tooth.
Moving on, when 'none' is the subject of the sentence,
the verb can be singular or plural,
depending on what it is referring to.
She was asking for advice, none was given.
Or: She was asking for tips, none were given.
So in the first example a word 'none' is referring to is 'advice',
it is singular, that's why the verb 'was' is in singular too.
In the second case the word 'none' is referring to is 'tips',
plural, that's why the verb 'were' is plural too.
Remember that we can never use 'none' instead of 'no one' or 'nobody'.
So we can't use none like that.
Do not replace 'no one' or 'nobody' with 'none.
He was calling for help, but no one was there to help him.
Here do not say 'none was there'.
No one was there to help him. Poor soul!
But then suddenly someone arrived and saved him!
Let's give this story a happy ending.
And now let's talk about 'none of'.
'None of' is used with the definite article the,
it is used with demonstratives - this, that and so on,
with possessives - my, your, and pronouns -
he, she, it, I, well, us.
The first example: None of her relatives knew she was ill.
The second example: Don't beat yourself up about it,
none of it was your fault.
In the first case we have 'none of her', a possessive,
and in the second case we have 'none of it' - a pronoun.
Also try to remember that we are not supposed to use 'none of'
when there is another negation within the sentence.
For example - not, or a shortened version - n't.
An example.
She doesn't know any of these people.
When 'none of' is used with a plural noun,
we can use the verb in both - a singular or plural form.
However singular is more formal and plural is more colloquial.
For example: None of the shops was open.
This is a formal way of formulating this idea.
But you can also say: None of the shops were open.
It is also possible, but it sounds more relaxed and colloquial.
And the last point - when we talk about two people or things
use 'neither of', not 'none of'.
An example. Two men were sitting at a table.
Soddenly there was a gunshot, neither of them moved a muscle.
They were sitting there like rocks.
OK, that's it for today!
So once again remember that we use 'no' with nouns,
and we use 'none' without nouns.
So 'none' is used alone,
but if we add the preposition 'of' to the word 'none',
then we can use it before nouns too.
None of the, none of this, none of my, none of us and so on.
So use 'none of' with the definite article,
possessives, demonstratives and pronouns.
So if you have any questions, feel free to write to me as usual,
I will do my best to answer as soon as possible.
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And I hope to see you soon! Happy English and Russian practice! Bye-bye!