There's a true story about the student who showed up late to math class.
He copied the problem that was already written on the board, assuming it was homework, and
solved it that week.
Only afterwards did he find out the teacher put it on the board as an example of an unsolvable
problem.
This question - “What is the meaning of life?” - is the classic unsolvable problem.
For thousands of years, people have been trying to figure it out.
It's the punchline cliché of unanswerable questions.
But right now, let's be the naive ones that don't know it's considered unsolvable, and
just figure out the meaning of life in under 20 minutes.
OK?
LIFE IS __________
What word do you think goes in that blank?
Life is what?
Any ideas?
Let's look at some of the different options that philosophers and smarties have said.
LIFE IS TIME
Some say life is time.
Life is all about time.
The definition of life is the time between when you're born and when you die.
So the literal meaning of life is time.
So if life is time, the way to have a good life is to use time wisely.
How can you use time wisely?
Five ways.
Remember it's limited
If you find out tonight that you've only got one year left to live, you'll make the most
of this next year.
If you act like life is infinite, you won't.
To achieve great things, two things are needed: a plan, and not quite enough time.
Give yourself tight deadlines.
Remember you could die at any time.
Don't delay.
How can you use time wisely?
Be mostly future-focused
Make most of your current actions serve your future self.
Learn, practice, exercise, delay gratification, save and invest your money, and build towards
your ideal future.
People who do this are more successful and even happier.
But too much future focus leads to being a successful person on your 4th marriage, with
no true friends.
Too much future focus can take time away from important things that need you to be in the
moment.
How can you use time wisely?
Be somewhat present-focused
Sometimes, pull your head out of the future, and give your full attention to the present.
Relationships, communication, and sex require this.
But too much present focus is hedonism: living only for immediate gratification with as much
excitement and novelty as possible.
Too much present focus leads to an empty bank account and no impulse control.
Too much present focus robs you of the deeper happiness of delayed gratification, achieving
long-term goals, and developing valuable expertise.
How can you use time wisely?
Be somewhat past-focused
To remember your past is to live twice.
Keep your life in the context of the past, to see how far you've come.
Put aside time to re-interpret your past events, as a powerful reminder that you can re-interpret
your present and future, too.
How can you use time wisely?
Get in the zone
You know the feeling of flow - where you're focused on work that's not too easy and not
too hard - where the work itself has clear goals and is its own reward.
People at the end of their life who claimed to be the happiest with their life were the
ones who had spent the most time in this state of flow.
For a good life, pursue the work that puts you in this state, and avoid the things that
pull you from this state.
Let's say life is time.
What do you think?
Pretty good argument?
Let's look at another perspective.
LIFE IS CHOICE
Some say life is choice.
Life is all about choice.
You make a hundred little choices a day, and a hundred big choices in your life.
These choices change your entire life.
Your life is created by your choices.
Therefore life IS choice.
So if life is choice, the way to have a good life is to make good choices.
How can you make good choices?
Four ways.
Let instinct trump logic
The different parts of your brain started developing at different periods in evolution.
The oldest part of your brain, the one that's been evolving since we were fish, deals with
instincts, fears, and gut feelings.
The newest part of your brain, the one that’s pretty uniquely human, deals with logic, language,
and predictions.
This newest part is still in beta.
A $5 calculator can beat it at math.
But this oldest part was launched a billion years ago, and has been in production and
development ever since.
Everything you observe and learn is first processed by your logical brain, but then
the results are permanently stored as instincts, fears, and gut feelings.
Your instincts and emotions hold the culmination of everything you've ever observed and learned.
So you'll make better choices if you listen your instincts, instead of relying too much
on your $5 calculator beta brain.
How can you make good choices?
Stop at good enough
You now have more options than ever.
You try to choose the best option, the best career, the best school, and the best boyfriend/girlfriend/partner/spouse.
But thinking this way makes you feel worse about the choices you've made.
You're more aware than ever of all the options you didn't choose, and the benefits of each.
So don't seek the absolute best.
Stop when you find an option that is good enough.
You'll make an equally good choice, but more importantly, you'll feel much better about
it.
Happiness counts.
How can you make good choices?
Set limits
Every choice you have to make causes a little bit of pain.
Having choice in life is good, but having more choice is not always better.
You're happier when you let other people make some choices for you.
If you’re very sick, you want your doctor to choose what's best, not say, "There are
dozens of good options.
What do you want to do?"
This is the appeal of religion.
It gives you rules.
It makes many of the choices for you.
So set limits to your choices in life.
Cut off some options.
Give yourself rules.
How can you make good choices?
Choose important not urgent
You know the difference between what's long-term important versus short-term urgent.
What's urgent are emails, texts, tweets, calls, and news.
What's important is spending a thousand hours to learn a new skill that will really help
you in your life or work.
What's important is giving your full undistracted attention to the important people in your
life.
What's important is taking time to get exercise, or to collect and share what you've learned.
But none of these things will ever be urgent.
So you have to ignore the tempting cries of the urgent, and deliberately choose what you
know is important.
So life is choice?
What do you think?
Pretty good argument?
Let's try another.
LIFE IS MEMORY
Some say life is memory.
The future doesn't exist.
It's something we imagine.
The present is gone in a millisecond, so everything we experience in life is a memory.
You could live a long life, but without a lot of memories, you only experienced a short
life.
If you don't remember your life, it's like it never happened.
So life is memory.
So if life is memory, the way to have a good life is to make more memories.
How can you make memories?
Change routines.
Break monotony.
Move.
Make a major change whenever you can.
These are your chronological landmarks.
These are the hooks where you'll hang your memories.
Document it.
Blog it.
Not in a company's walled garden, but in a format you can archive and look through in
50 years, or your grandkids can look through in 100 years.
Keep a private blog for your future self, and tell the tales of where you've been, what
you did, and the quirky people you've met along the way.
You'll be surprised how much you forget if you don't record it.
Socrates said the unexamined life is not worth living.
What about the forgotten life?
So life is memory?
What do you think?
Want to do another?
LIFE IS LEARNING
Both my smart friends and my spiritual friends insist that the meaning life is learning - that
the reason you're here is to learn.
Not just for your own sake, but for everyone alive, and future generations, the meaning
of your life is to learn.
So if life is learning, the way to have a good life is to learn a lot.
How can you learn a lot?
Instead of talking about learning techniques, let's talk about getting the right mindset,
so you can learn more than you realize.
You've probably heard about the Fixed mindset and the Growth mindset.
The Fixed mindset says, "I am good at this" or "I am bad at this".
This starts in childhood when your parents say, "You're so good at math!"
You think, "I'm good at math!"
But then when you do poorly on one test, you think, "They were wrong.
I'm not good at math."
Most people think this way.
You can hear it when they say, “She’s a great singer” or “I’m just no good
at dancing.”
The Growth mindset says, "Anyone can be good at anything.
Skill comes only from practice."
Two impossibly hard tests were given to hundreds of children.
After the first test, all of the students were praised, but half of the students were
privately told these 6 words: "You must be good at this."
The other half were privately told these 6 words: "You must have worked really hard."
When they were given the second test, the students who were told, "You must be good
at this", did 20% worse on the 2nd test.
Those 6 words encouraged a fixed mindset that made them feel there was no point in trying.
You either are or you aren’t.
The students who were told "You must have worked really hard", did 30% better on the
2nd test.
Those 6 words encouraged a growth mindset that made them feel that working harder made
all the difference.
So that's a +-50% difference in performance because of 6 quick words by one teacher.
Multiply that by all the people in your life, all the days you hear feedback, and all the
things you tell yourself, and you can see how this simple difference in mindset can
make or break a life of learning.
Parents, pay attention to this.
You may be harming your kids when you tell them they’re good at things.
Successful people, pay attention to this.
You may be harming yourself if you believe the praise that people give you.
People tell you you’re great at what you do, never just that you must have worked hard.
So... life is learning?
What do you think?
Something else?
Should we look at the Buddhist idea that life is SUFFERING?
Nah, that's no fun.
Life is LOVE?
Too ambiguous.
Life is NOTHING BUT REPLICATING DNA?
Too accurate.
Let's change the subject.
Chinese
A few years ago, I started learning Chinese.
I'm fascinated with the writing.
I'm trying to memorize how to write these characters.
Chinese characters look complicated, but they're mostly made up of smaller simpler characters,
the way that English words are made up of Latin roots and such.
So you can remember the meaning of each character by knowing the meaning of its ingredients.
For example:
语 language = words 讠+ five 五+ mouth 口
So…
Language is words that at least five mouths speak?
Brilliant!
谢 thank you = words 讠+ body 身+ inch 寸
Hmmm...
This one is not so obvious.
Maybe the idea is that when you say thanks, you speak words that give a body an inch of
respectful space?
That’s interesting.
名 name = evening 夕 + mouth 口
So your real name is what's spoken by a mouth in the evening?
That's kind of romantic.
I get so curious about the historical or cultural meaning behind each one.
Let's change the subject.
Talking Heads
Talking Heads were a great band from the late-70s to mid-80s.
Their lyrics were really evocative and mysterious.
They made you wonder what they were really about.
Then I read an interview with the Talking Heads where they said that many of their lyrics
were just random.
They would write evocative phrases onto little pieces of paper, then throw them into a bowl,
and shuffle them up.
Then they'd pull them out, and put them into the song in that order.
They did this because they liked how the listener creates meaning that wasn't intended.
We assume that if someone writes a song, then sings it on stage into a microphone, that
it must have meaning to them.
But nope.
It was just random.
Any meaning you think it contains was put there by you, the listener, not the writer.
Like a Rorschach test.
Back to Chinese.
I got so curious about the historical meaning of these Chinese characters that I got a Chinese
etymological dictionary that tells the full history behind every one.
I looked up the examples I gave here, and found out those characters were just phonetic!
Those composite character bits were NOT chosen for their meaning at all, just their sound!
So it seems I've just been putting the meanings into them, myself.
They actually had no meaning at all!
It blew my mind.
I had been memorizing hundreds of characters for months, reading all kinds of meaning into
the ingredients of each one.
After recovering from that, I thought: How many other things in life really have no meaning?
What else have I been putting my own meaning into, thinking it was true?
I know that we’re wired to do it.
I know we survived on the savannah for eons because we evolved to look for patterns.
Our ancestors are the ones who noticed the patterns of the tiger stripes or the lion
face in the grass.
A moth is so deeply wired to fly towards the light that it may never accept that your light
bulb is not the moon.
We are so deeply wired to find patterns that we may never accept that many things are just
random.
We should have the same sympathy for our faulty wiring as we do for the moth.
Evolution taught us to do this thing, but didn’t teach us to stop.
Give us some dots and a line, and we’ll see a face.
Burn some toast and we’ll find Elvis in it.
A carrot from my garden looks like Jesus.
What does it mean?
A black cat crossed my path as I walked under a ladder on Friday the 13th.
What does it mean?
An old friend calls just a minute after I was thinking about them.
What does it mean?
What does it mean that you went to a prestigious well-known school?
What does it mean that you didn't?
What does it mean that your good friend died?
What does it mean that you’re tall?
What does it mean that you have a lot of followers online?
What does it mean that you don’t?
What does it mean that you’re female?
What does it mean that you’re male?
What does it mean that you’re an entrepreneur?
What does it mean that you’re not?
What does it mean that all of your previous attempts at something have failed?
Nothing!
Nothing at all.
Nothing has inherent meaning.
Everything is only what it is and that's it.
So let's get back to our original question and wrap this up.
Life Is _____
What is the meaning of life?
LIFE IS ______
TIME?
CHOICE?
MEMORY?
LEARNING?
SUFFERING?
LOVE?
REPLICATING DNA?
You can tell by the variety of answers that they are just projected meanings.
You can choose to project one of these meanings onto your life, if it makes you feel good,
or improves your current actions.
But you know the real answer is clear and obvious now.
LIFE IS (just) LIFE.
IT DOESN'T MEAN ANYTHING.
Erase any meaning you put into past events.
Erase any meaning that’s holding you back.
Erase those times where people said that this means that.
None of it is real.
Life has no inherent meaning.
Nothing has inherent meaning.
Life is a blank slate.
You're free to project any meaning that serves you.
You're free to do with it, anything you want.
Thank you.