There would hardly be anyone in India, who is not familiar with the name of Ratan Tata
a global level businessman. Even with all the success, he is still not
on the world's richest man list. He returns his wealth away in the form of education,
medicine and rural developments. Tata Group has not laid off any employee
amid the covid-19 pandemic and also donated ₹1,500 crore towards coronavirus relief fund.
All these demands to focus on Ratan Tata’s biography.
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Born in 1937 in the prestigious and wealthy Tata family,Ratan Naval Tata is the great
grandson of Jamshedji Tata – the founder of the Tata Group and son of Naval Tata.Despite
being born into a luxurious life, he was never blinded by those riches. Ratan Tata has been
an introvert from the very beginning, not the best social butterfly.
His family faced a crisis on a personal level when, in 1948, his parents got separated.
Following this event, Navajbai Tata, his grandmother, took him and his little stepbrother and also
officially adopted Ratan Tata through the J. N. Petit Parsi Orphanage. This started
his life in the Tata palace.
Separated from his parents at the young age of 10, he did feel low and disheartened but
kept a clear vision regarding his future. With that attitude in 1959, he got his bachelor's
degree from Cornell University in Architecture. At that time, he had no idea regarding the
life that waited for him ahead.
After graduation, he was given a job opportunity in IBM, but due to the poor health of his
grandmother, he declined it and returned to India
At this time, in 1962 he began working in his great grandfather's company, the Tata
Group. He started at floor level, working in Tata Steel in Jamshedpur. He continued
working there as a blue-collar worker for the next 9 years, gaining all the experience
that he can.
All the experience that he gained was finally put to the test when in 1971, Ratan Tata was
made the director-in-charge of NELCO, National Radio And Electronics Company Ltd. Now the
challenge was that, at that time, NELCO was going through a very rough phase. Ratan Tata
tried his best to reverse the previous 40% misfortunes and was even able to get the company
out of the crisis. But then came the National Emergency in 1975, and the corresponding bad
economic condition was like a punch in the gut. This forced them into shutting NELCO
down
Fueled by the failure of the first challenge, Ratan Tata wanted to learn more, so he decided
to take on the Advanced Management Program of the Harvard Business School. After coming
back from Harvard, he came across another business challenge, which was to save one
of the Tata Textiles known as Empress Mills.
At that time, Empress Mills was going through a financial crisis. Ratan Tata gave his best
efforts to not repeat the previous mistakes, and his efforts did not go to waste. He was
able to save the ship from drowning. However, this success was short-lived as an investment
decision to save the textile subsidiary was not approved. Following this, Empress Mills
also faced the same outcome as NELCO and was shut down in 1986. He was heartbroken.
Many believed his career was done and dusted.
In 1991,the biggest event of ratan tatas life happened. JRD Tata, the chairman of the Tata
Group, announced an unanticipated decision,Stepping down from his position, he appointed Ratan
Naval Tata as his legal successor. The next events were quite predictable; the employees
and senior management were not happy with the decision. They started doubting the abilities
of Ratan Tata based on his previous two failures.
The new chairman also had to face public criticism. People believed that Ratan Tata was not ready
for such a big responsibility and needed to be removed.
Ratan Tata decided to prove everyone wrong with his work and bold decisions
1. Firstly, he fixed the retirement age for directors and business heads thereby infusing
young talent and creative ideas into the various arms of the group.
2. He added new technologies to the firm that attracted foreign investment when the New
Economic Policy was in action in 1992. 3. He Started the multinational IT service
and consultancy firm, Tata Consultancy Services (TCS). Tata Motors got listed in the New
York stock exchange bringing international recognition for the company
4. And later, launching cars like Indica and Nano at an affordable price which becomes
budget-friendly for middle-class families. 5. Then he went ahead and started acquiring
brands under Tata and Sons.Tata Tea acquired Tetley, Tata Motors acquired Jaguar and Land Rover and Tata
Steel acquired Corus.All this turned Tata from a largely India-centric group into a
global business, with over 65% revenues coming from abroad
In 2000, the Government of India recognised his efforts towards Nation building and awarded
him with the Padma Bhushan and in 2008, he received Padma Vibhushan.
Ratan Tata is also well known for his charitable work..More than 65% of his share is invested
in foundations and charitable trusts.His charity work is not limited to India but throughout
the world.
Ratan Naval Tata retired in 2012, with Cyrus Mistry as his successor.During his 21 year
tenure(1991-2012), the revenues of Tata Group grew over 40 times and the profit increased
over 50 times. A remarkable human being and industrialist,
amazingly Ratan Tata never featured in ‘Forbes billionaires list.
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