Alright welcome back anatomy today. We're just going to do an overview of the parts of the brain and
And its function
so we're [going] [to] want to know what these little wiggly things are and what's this covering here and and
What's different [between] this and this over [here]?
so we want to talk about the pieces and parts of the brain and what those pieces and parts do and
You can use other resources you're going to get some more
Detailed information than what I'm going to give you but this is the extent that I'll test you so um so let's just get started
First of all when I look at this brain I noticed two different colors
So there's gray matter, and there's white matter so the gray matter is on the outside the white matters on the inside
I think outside gets dirty. That's a mnemonic for me, and that helps [me] to remember the inside is white because it stays clean and
What makes it white the fact that these this section is made up of Axons and we know axons are?
covered with the Myelin sheath remember the Myelin sheath is that fatty tissue so fat typically appears white and
Tissues so we know that this must be some sort of fatty tissue
And when we think about the types of cells, we know it would make sense that that would be Milan
So this is more of the directing traffic portion of the brain and then out here
this is where we're going to find our cell bodies and
our dendrites and
So cell body is that's the metabolic center of the cell so that's where the actual work is getting done inside of the brain
Notice that's just the very outer layer that outer layer is called the Cortex
So the Cortex is where action happens um you have grooves and you have ridges and those grooves and ridges are called Sulci
for plural or sulcus and
gyroscopes
See these indentations here those are sulci or sulcus um
and then the ridges the bumps are the Gyri
plural or Jireh
Singular so the purpose of any fold whether it's in your intestine your stomach your brain
It's to increase the surface area of a of a tissue
So if the activity is happening on the service surface we want to make more surface in that one area
So if this was a flat brain I could only fit him this much tissue
But by folding it up look I can like maybe triple the amount that I put in my example
So so the whole purpose of any folding is to increase surface area on
Between loads of brains you might find even deeper cuts deeper than the sulcus and those deeper cuts will be called fissures
the outside of the brain is
The Cortex on the majority of the Brain is called the cerebrum
So when we look at this whole brain here what we're seeing is the cerebrum all of that [is] cerebral
So this is the largest portion of your brains about eighty-five percent
it's split into two hemispheres that seem to be common knowledge in my class the right and left hemisphere and
we made
Connections that the right side controls left and left controls, right?
parts of the body and we talked about how the left side is more analytical and the right side is more creative and
So those are some connections we made in in our prior knowledge on
the Corpus callosum
will connect the right and the left together so that they can communicate so we want to try to
When we learn new information we want to try to access
Parts of our left analytical thought and parts of our right creative thought so the more connections
We can make in the brain the better, and then the corpus callosum allows those to communicate so over 50 million
cells making up that corpus callosum
So this outer portion of our brain this is our
Consciousness, so conscious thought and act comes from this part of our brain. I'm
being able to
Create words both storing the words
storing a picture of what those words look like
Sending information to our [mouth] to make those words all of that [is] cerebral on logical responses, so when you're taking your test
you're using your frontal Lobe and
of your cerebrum
Our emotions come from our cerebrum. Is it good is it bad?
consciousness
Interpretation of sensation it was had it was cold. It was light. It was ticklish
Involuntary Movement, so clapping my hands. I did because of my cerebral ha
So our cerebrum is divided into lobes, and you'll remember that
the skull Bones
We named during the skeletal system the skull bones overlying the lobe
Gives the name to the lobe so your frontal [lobe] is protected by the frontal bone in the temporal by the temporal and parietal
And occipital so we learned those long time ago. Those are going to be easy as cake now
We just have to identify what they do
so um
The Occipital Lobe let's start here in the blue the occipital Lobe is for vision
So when I look at something that information is going in my eyes and let's just take it back
straight back [to] the back of my brain and
I'm looking at the cupboards in my classroom and my occipital lobe is going to tell me what it is
I'm looking at and what that looks like
The temporal Lobe here looks like an ear muff to me um
That's going to be hearing and smelling
So I think my ear is right there in the temporal lobe so doesn't that make sense that that's where auditory that would be sound
auditory information is processed
Olfaction is smelling so olfaction again
If I were to trace that right back I would get to my temporal lobe so my sense is over 100 million
Senses I can figure it out um is
interpreted in my temporal Lobe
My parabola lobe is more of a sensory Cortex. So here this ridge right here
It's called the post Central Gyrus
The postcentral gyrus is your sensory Cortex, so this is where you can recognize a touch
pain Coldness um
here in front
this [is] now my frontal Lobe and this is the
Precentral gyrus the precentral gyrus is my motor Cortex my motor Cortex controls my body parts
Skeletal muscles, so that's where I'm telling my body what to do and then um?
The rest of my frontal Lobe is used for different
thinking pieces the
Very front is going to be associated with your higher level thinking
Critical thinking reasoning choosing the right answers on a test
I
Mentioned the pre and the postcentral gyrus this ridge right here
This is [the] central sulcus, so the central sulcus divides the frontal lobe from the parietal Lobe
Looking at the inside of the brain now. I've cut the brain in half the two hemispheres. I've separated them
And what I have inside is what's called the diencephalon?
so the diencephalon
You can see the purple here. This is your cortex and in the cerebrum and
Then I'm really talking in here, and there's really just three pieces. I want you to know about the diencephalon
You have the epithalamus?
The hypothalamus and the thalamus so remember [your] prefixes hypo is above or below
Hypo is below Sorry EpI is above or [pot]
So hype so thalamus is going to be your central piece kind of this
Central region here with the circle and then above that you have this brownish Ridge here
That's the epithalamus, and then you have this little stock in front, and that's called the hypothalamus
So your point of reference is the thalamus above it is epithalamus in here you have what's called the choroid Plexus
You can't see it really well
But this white portion here is choroid Plexus
Full of capillaries those capillaries are going to make rouble spinal fluid and we've talked about cerebral spinal fluid already
in front here this
Hypothalamus so now below my reference point hypo below this is where this is like your drives
so it's regulating temperature water balance um it tells me if I'm hungry it tells me if I'm
Thirsty my limbic system is there that's like the portion that's going to drive my emotions um
like if I
React added emotional response versus if I'm acting out of reasonable response up here
So all of that is in the hypothalamus, and then the thalamus is a sensory relase
System if you will there's tracks going up and tracks going down right so remember we're going to go up the posterior
through the thalamus
over the postcentral gyrus
Down over the central sulcus down the front side in the precentral gyrus again
Go [through] that thalamus and then down the anterior portion, so the thalamus is going to kind of put in an emotion
I guess on your
Sensory
Input and it's going to decide if you like it or not, so then it's going to direct it to the proper
location on your
Prattle Lobe
The Brainstem, so you had your cerebrum and here is what we were just talking about with the diencephalon
So then below that connected to the spinal cord is your brain stem
So you have three parts the midbrain the pons and the medulla so this portion?
That's way up inside is the Midbrain and then you'll have two bumps a ponds and then another bump the Medulla
So the midbrain contains reflex centers for vision and hearing so like if [you're] your lens has to
Curve and flatten out to accommodate for distance. It's looking at same thing with your pupils
So it's going to be
responsible for those sorts of of reflexes and
Also reflexes with with hearing and then the ponds this middle portion again kind of like the thalamus
It's just fiber tracts that are going up and down through the brain and really just directing traffic
But also has some involvement with breathing control
The majority [of] your breathing control is response is up is the job of the Medulla Oblongata
so the Medulla Oblongata
I think of this as all the vital signs that the doctor takes at the at the office or in the hospital
So they're they're looking at my heart rate my blood pressure my breathing rate all of those things are the job of the medulla
also
swallowing and vomiting is controlled like those reflexes are controlled at the level of the brain stem and more specifically the Medulla and
Then the last piece that we have to talk about so we did this rubra
Kind of the outside the diencephalon the inside the connecting piece the brainstem and now the cerebellum
this is technically the second largest portion of the brain and
It's often described as looking like a [cauliflower]
it's also made of gray and white matter which you'll see when we do the dissection and
And this isn't involved with your balance coordination in equilibrium
So we say that it's involved in skeletal muscle activity, but I don't mean like it's telling my arm to move right now
But it's telling these two arms to move coordinated Lee
I don't know if that's a word
But um it's it's getting body parts to move in sync with each other in proper timing
So I
played the flute when I was in high school and these fingers they have to move at just the right time to get a
Specific note, so it would be the job of my cerebellum to get these down all at the same time otherwise
I would get good [I] did it for [different] notes instead of one
As a high jumper as a basketball player as a ballerina as the long jumper as any sport on
You're trying to do a number of things at once and it's very well coordinated and the timing has to be very specific
that's the job of the
cerebellum as well as when I say
Equilibrium am I standing up am I on my left side am I on my right side and my upside down am I moving forward?
And my moving backwards am I going fast or slow that's all interpreted at this little color flower
cerebellum
of the base of our brain
[okay], so that's all the pieces and parts I care about for my test on
So let's grow some dendrites close those synapses make pathways to file folders that help us remember that information
Thanks for listening