For the past two decades,
I've been professionally managing assets
for large financial institutions.
But you know, this wasn't my plan when I first entered the workforce.
I was a 20-year-old dreamer who wanted to change the world.
And so at first I entered a nonprofit.
And this was where I started asking myself questions
about how we attribute value to things as a society,
and how capital affects our shared reality.
And this was what made me want to enter the finance sector.
And you know what?
Still, today, I believe that changing the markets
can be a way to change the world.
Today, among investors,
there are a lot of questions about decarbonizing portfolios
and how to achieve net-zero.
But when I think about the intersection of climate and capital,
I’m always asking myself:
What effect is this really having on the ground?
Because there could be a profound difference between investing
just to protect your assets from the effects of climate change
and actually investing to prevent those effects from coming about.
You could imagine creating a portfolio that appears to be decarbonized on paper
but that doesn't have any real effect on the trajectory of climate.
And I would argue that that type of risk management on paper
will also one day prove to have been just an illusion.
Because what the world really needs is real decarbonization.
We need to decarbonize the old economy that we have
and invest to create the new economy that we need.
It needs to be an economy that emits no more than it can remove,
and that does this in a way that is net-positive
for the planet and the people.
(Applause)
Estimates suggest that it will cost three to five trillion dollars a year
between now and 2050, to achieve net-zero.
Just to give you an idea of how much that is,
it would be like investing the entire GDP of Germany or Japan
every year, annually, for 30 years.
So financial capital has a huge role to play
in our shared success
or our shared failure.
And achieving decarbonization in the world
instead of just investment portfolios
is going to require us to make some very big moves.
First of all,
we need to focus on innovative transformation across every sector.
And then focus even deeper
on the science-based transformations that are required within each industry
so that every industry can become clean and future-proof.
You know, nowadays there are some green or ESG portfolios
that have been focused mostly
on investing in low-carbon sectors like tech.
But what I think we really need to do today
is start focusing on heavy sectors
like industrials, materials and infrastructure,
and use our capital to reward those companies
that are really focused on deep decarbonization.
Let me give you an example of what I mean.
The cement sector emits about eight percent of global greenhouse gases.
And so a lot of low-carbon funds
will actually decrease their investments in cement
and instead increase their holdings in low carbon companies like, say,
social media.
(Laughs)
But in one portfolio that I help to oversee,
one of the world's largest cement producers
is actually our top-emitting holding.
But this company has committed to achieving
a zero-carbon production facility by 2030
and net-zero firmwide by 2050.
Now, I know some of you may be asking: Is this company greenwashing?
Are they really going to be able to do that?
Will they do it on time?
But what I can tell you is that the company's already making
significant investments towards these goals
and as shareholders,
we're going to be long-term capital providers
to stick with them and encourage them to achieve these goals along the way.
(Applause)
In another portfolio that I help to oversee,
we're focused on investing in the innovations
that make this kind of ambition possible.
Like, investing in novel designs for the kilns that produce cement,
which actually remove emissions
at the most intensive point of production.
Or like another technology that actually takes captured carbon
and injects it into the cement in a way that also lowers costs.
I think that these are the kinds of companies
that we should be committing our capital to.
(Applause)
And we need to get moving.
Institutional investors like me will often wait for years and years
for new strategies to be proven.
But today investors really need to start leaning into innovation
and aggressively scaling the very best solutions that we can find.
And it won't be hard to find them
because the climate revolution is expected to make the industrial revolution
and the information revolution pale by comparison.
OK.
So secondly in achieving all of this,
the next thing that we need to do is realize that our goals,
like poverty and climate,
are actually interconnected.
The climate transition actually offers an amazing opportunity to be accretive,
both in terms of the economy and society
because of the very nature of the deep rebalance
that we now have to go through.
So climate change affects things like poverty,
it affects health, biodiversity, our global connectedness.
And all of these things affect climate change, too,
in fact, all 17 of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
are interrelated and inseparable.
So we need to start realizing
that we can't solve any of these things in isolation.
We need to align our decarbonization goals
with our social goals
to be able to achieve any of them at all.
(Applause)
Next, we need to realize
that our climate action cannot be localized.
Greenhouse gases don't hover over any one country,
emissions anywhere means warming everywhere.
So for us investors,
we need to get over our home-country biases
that cause us to allocate capital often too close to where we live.
In order to increase investments to emerging markets,
we need to first realize that two-thirds of the remaining investments
that need to be made to achieve the climate transition
will need to be made outside of North America and Europe.
Whereas too much of our investments are being made here today.
Increasing investments to emerging markets will mean advancing innovative structures
like blended finance,
that can help to augment public-private partnerships
and collaboration with development finance institutions.
But you know what?
I think that we're also going to have to make
some behavioral changes within ourselves.
Like addressing our ambiguity bias
that causes us to financially undervalue
anything that seems foreign or complex.
(Applause)
So I'm not as naive anymore as I was back when I was 20.
But you know what?
I still believe that changing the markets can be a way to change the world.
Achieving the climate transition in a way that is just,
global and interconnected
is the challenge of our times.
And the finance sector has a critical role to play.
But we need to do it in a way
that is focused on serious science-based solutions --
not just in our investment portfolios
but out there in the real world.
Thank you.
(Applause)