Hello, everyone. Welcome back to my channel, Sparkle English,
where I help you improve your level of English. My name is Jennifer. And today we have a lesson
on the difference between should and ought to. At the end of this lesson, we'll also have a quiz.
First of all, what's the difference between should and ought to, and when do we use these? Should and
ought to are words used to give advice or talk about what is expected. Should is more common in
everyday language. While ought to is a bit more formal. Let's look at some examples. You should
talk to your doctor about that. This is advice or a recommendation. You could also say, you ought
to talk to your doctor about that. And note that we have to after ought, but never put to after
should. "You should to talk" is incorrect. Another example, Jerry should get a promotion. He deserves
it. Jerry ought to get a promotion. He deserves it. All of these examples are okay. Should and
ought to are often used interchangeably. But there is a slight difference, which I'll talk about
later. First, let's talk more about should. We use should for suggestions, opinions, and advice.
Should is a modal verb. Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive, without to. For example:
you should go. She should eat. Should is often used for personal opinions or suggestions. It
shows what someone thinks is a good idea. But it's not a strict rule. So should does not change after
all subjects because it's a modal verb. We say: I should; you should; he, she, it should; not
"shoulds." It's the same after all subjects. We should, they should. So we have this subject, then
should, then the infinitive. We should go to the cinema tonight. Mary should take piano lessons.
I think you should break up with your boyfriend. We have advice or a suggestion or opinions.
Now let's talk about ought to. Ought to is used to express recommendations,
obligations, or expectations. And again, it's a little more formal than should.
Ought to shows a stronger sense of obligation or duty. It suggests that something is necessary, or
the right thing to do. We often use ought to when we're talking about a moral or ethical obligation.
Ought to stays the same after all the subjects. I ought to; you ought to; he or she or it ought to;
we ought to; they ought to. So we have this subject, then ought to and then the infinitive.
For example, we ought to respect our elders. You can say we should respect our elders. However,
when we say we ought to, it is stronger than should. It's the right thing to do. It is
morally our duty to respect our elders. You ought to study harder if you want to pass the exam. Carl
ought to apologize to his best friend. It's another way of saying it's very important.
It's a strong recommendation. So now let's talk about the negative form of should and
ought to. We add not after should. I should not, or I shouldn't; you shouldn't; he shouldn't;
we or they shouldn't. And we use shouldn't when we are advising against something. Do
not do this. I don't think you should do this. For example, you shouldn't drink so much soda,
or you should not drink so much soda. We shouldn't stay up too late tonight.
Now there is a negative form of ought to. However, it is not common to use the negative form of
ought to. It's grammatically correct. But I have never in my life said oughtn't to. I oughtn't to,
you oughtn't to to, which is, you ought not to, he ought not to. This is correct to say; however,
it's not common in English. We just say shouldn't. So let's look at some examples. But again, this is
not common. She oughtn't to skip her classes if she wants to succeed in school. So we have she,
then ought not to, and then the infinitive. It's quite complicated to say it; it sounds
strange. So you should just say shouldn't. She shouldn't skip her classes. It's much easier,
and it's much more common in English. He oughtn't to drive if he's really tired, or he shouldn't
drive if he's really tired. Now, what about the interrogative form? How do we ask questions?
We ask a question by putting should before the subject. So we don't say "Do I should?" We say:
Should I? Should you? Should he? Should she? Let's look at some sentence examples. Should
we invite James to the party? You can see we have the infinitive after the subject.
Should Vanessa move to New York? Now what about asking questions with ought to. Again, this is not
common in English. Ought to is much more common in the affirmative form. I have never used ought
to in the interrogative form or the negative form in my life. Okay? But this is how you would ask a
question if you wanted to. We have ought, then the subject, then to, then the infinitive. Ought we to
call the police? Ought I to be concerned about my job? To make this easier, and the more common
way in English, we say should. Should we call the police? Should I be concerned about my job?
Okay, now we're going to do a quiz. Are these sentences correct or incorrect? There are several
mistakes in these sentences. You have to correct them. You don't have to change should or ought to;
you just have to make sure that the sentences are grammatically correct. Number one, "you
should to call your parents more often." Number two, "she ought to study for the exam tomorrow."
Number three, "they not yeshouldt arrive late at the church on Sunday."
Number four, "we ought to not forget to bring our passports to the airport."
Number five, "you don't should spend so much time watching TV."
Number six, "ought we to be worried about climate change?" Number seven, "should we to order pasta
or pizza tonight?" And finally, number eight, "we ought to take the bus instead of driving."
Number one is incorrect. We need to remove to. You should call your parents more often. Or you ought
to call your parents more often, but not "should to." Number two is correct. She ought to study for
the exam tomorrow. Number three is incorrect. They not should arrive late. We have to switch this.
They should not. Not should go after should. They should not arrive late at the church on Sunday, or
they shouldn't. Number four is incorrect. This is a difficult one. We ought to not forget. Remember,
it's not very common to use ought to in the negative. But if you do, not goes in between
ought and to. We ought not to forget our passports, or we shouldn't forget.
Number five is also incorrect. You don't should spend so much
time watching TV. We don't say "don't should." We say shouldn't.
Number six is correct. Ought we to be worried about climate change? You could also say "Should
we be worried?" Number seven is incorrect. Should we to order past or pizza tonight?
We don't have to before the infinitive. So it's just "Should we order pasta or pizza tonight?"
And finally, number eight, "we ought to take the bus instead of driving." This is correct.
Okay, so let me know in the comments section how many you got correct out of eight.
If you have any questions or want to see more videos on different modal verbs,
make sure to check out my grammar playlist that I've linked to to in the description
below. Thank you so much for watching, and I will see you in my next lesson!