- So today we are gonna do
a nice little deep dive on frame rates.
This segment is actually just a chapter
of a full video course I just made and it just went live.
So if this is the kinda stuff
that you want to learn more about,
it's a three hour course, so go check it out.
It is more of a beginners course,
but we start all the way from the bare basics
of how to dial in your phone,
all the way to shooting on a RED camera on a Movi Gimbal.
So if setting up a camera is complicated to you,
like what is it a log profile, what is bit rate,
what aperture should I be shooting at,
the definitely go, check out that course.
(upbeat music)
Right, so now we know what that 4K means, what's that 24?
That is going to be our frame rate.
So that 24 means 24 frames per second.
'Cause when you're watching video,
you're not actually looking at something that's moving,
you're looking at a series of images.
Still images that move through and play through fast
to where it looks like it's moving.
Kinda like those flip books
with a bunch of drawings in them
and you go (growls) and you flip through them
and it actually looks like that art is moving
because you're viewing through them so quickly.
So right now you're looking at 24 still images
every single second.
If this were one frame per second,
this is what it would look like.
It would look really, really terribly choppy.
And let's go to four frames per second,
that looks a little bit better.
Now 12 frames per second, much, much better
but still a little bit rough
and this is 24 frames per second
which is what I'm currently shooting at.
So there's different standards on where you live,
the most common is NTSC and PAL standards.
Now if you live in a place that has PAL standards
then you're probably working with 25 frames per second,
so easy but I live in America
which uses the NTSC video standard
which gets a little bit trickier.
The most common here is 24 or 30.
It's a little bit complicated, I say 24 and 30
but really, instead of 24, it's 23.976
and instead of 30, it's 29.97.
Which is kind of a weird decimal number
to have as our standard and frame rates, right?
It's kind of a dumb reason why we use that.
Way back when color TV's were first introduced,
broadcast companies had these technical issues,
so what they had to make that technology work
was to slow down the frame rate by .1%.
So .1% slower than 24 is 23.976.
.1% slower than 30 frames per second is 29.97.
Technology has gotten way, way, way past the point
where we would still need to do that
but since those standards were kind of made
way back then and all the broadcast companies
were like, ah, well we're already
doing this complicated 29.976,
we've kind of adapted to this weird frame rate.
So, generally speaking I'm going to say 24 frames per second
and 30 frames per second but just keep in mind
whenever I say those, I mean 23.976 and 29.97.
And when you're selecting your frame rates in most cameras
it just says do you wanna shoot 24 or 30?
And you just put it at 24 and it automatically
it will put it at 23.976.
Once you start getting to the advanced cameras
such as that RED, it will give you the option
to shoot between 23.976 or actually true 24.
But I personally have never shot in those formats
because of these NPSC standards.
So basically, you'll probably never need to do it either,
so I really wouldn't worry about that yet
unless a client comes to you and says
we need to shoot true 24 which again,
has never happened to me ever.
Now if you're like me and live in the states
or pretty much anywhere with NPSC standards,
you have to decide, are you gonna shoot to 24 or 30?
Now I shoot 24 as much as I can
because I feel like it's the most cinematic,
it's not as smooth as 30
but it's what a majority of movies have been filmed on
because these digital cameras have evolved
from film cameras and back then
they were just shooting solid 24.
So a lot of times we want this digital cinema cameras
to look just like those film cameras
'cause those looked fantastic.
So, if you are looking to get cinematic footage,
definitely be shooting 24.
So this video is being shot at 24 frames per second.
I bring this footage into the computer
and I edit it in a 24 frame per second sequence
and then I upload it in and publish it
as a 24 frame per second.
So notice that whole pipeline,
that whole work flow, 24, 24, 24.
So how about 30 frames per second?
It's more frames per second
so it is going to be a bit more smooth.
I would show you what 30 frames per second looks like
but I can't because again I'm editing this video
in 24 frames per second.
So I could put my camera into 30 frames per second
so then my camera would be shooting 30
but when I bring this into the editing software,
it would take that 30 frames per second
and it would just extract one out of every four frames,
I think to make it 24 frames per second.
So it ends up being a jacked up 24 frames per second.
And once you start editing a video,
you can't switch the frame rate.
Every video clip is one frame rate
so I can't have the video be 24 frames per second
in some parts and 30 frames per second in some parts,
like one video is gonna be one frame rate.
So for me to show you 30 frames per second,
I would have to shoot in 30 frames per second,
edit in 30 frames per second
and upload in 30 frames per second.
So that is why it is very important for you to know
what frame rate you're filming at very early on
in the process.
So when you pick up your camera you should already know,
I'm gonna edit this in this frame rate
so make sure all the cameras that we're using for this video
is in that same frame rate.
It's not gonna be the worst thing ever
if you've mixed the two frame rates,
like if you put 24 frame per second video
into a 30 frame per second video,
then it's just gonna duplicate some of the frames
to just fill in that space.
But on the other hand if you were a professional film maker
and you deliver 30 frame per second footage
when they ask for 24,
you will never get a call back from them again. (laughs)
And like I mention 30 frames per second
is going to be a bit smoother
and it is also a bit more common.
Pretty much all video cameras can shoot 30 frames per second
but not all cameras can shoot 24 so 30
is gonna be a tad bit more universal.
I definitely recommend checking
what all your cameras can shoot in.
And if you're not necessarily going for that cinematic look,
then going 30 may be a little bit beneficial for you
because it is going to be a tad bit smoother
as we mentioned.
So a lot of news, reality TV, sports, often they film
in 30 frames per second,
just to give it that extra smoothness.
And again a camera operator, for channel four news
isn't necessarily gonna be like,
I need this to be cinematic.
Let's film this newscast at golden hour. (laughs)
By the way golden hour is right before sunset
when the sky and sunlight looks really nice and orange,
it's a great time to shoot.
Most of you already knew that
but this is a beginners course
so just wanna make sure that I cover everything.
So, based off that you should have a general idea
of what frame rate you plan on shooting at
and if you decide to go 24 frames per second
then make sure all your cameras can shoot 24.
Now there are some people that shoot, edit
and upload 60 frames per second
which I wouldn't recommend.
You're really not benefiting that much
from having that extra frame per second,
at going all the way at 60
and that's double the number of frames,
so that's double the amount of information
it takes to process those frames and a lot of times
instead of doubling the quality of each frame,
they actually reduce each frame in half
if you're trying to fit a certain bandwidth.
It's gonna require more light to shoot it,
a lot more data to store it.
Just I wouldn't really do it.
But just because you don't want to upload
all your videos in 60 frames per second
doesn't mean you shouldn't shoot 60 frames per second.
I actually set this camera to 60 frame per second
all the time.
There's your camera's frame rate or your shooting frame rate
and there's also your project framing.
What you're gonna be editing
and they're two completely separate independent things.
Most of the times you're gonna want that to sync up,
so this project 24 camera right now is shooting 24.
But let's say we get an epic shot
of Sam trying to look cool.
That was too fast so let's try to make it slow motion.
Notice that now it looks really, really choppy,
why is that?
Well, what we did is we took our 24 frames
that we recorded in a second and we stretched it out
so there's no longer images in between each of these frames.
That's why the footage turns out choppy,
there's nothing there to look at.
So what we need to do is to create more frames
to stick in between there when we stretch it out.
That way we have a nice full timeline of frames
that we can watch through.
So the more you wanna slow it down,
the further the frames are gonna get stretched apart
and we you want more and more frames.
So the more slow motion you want,
the more frames you have to record.
So one example, I directed a music video
for Pepe Aguilar and we shot at 30 frames per second.
And everyone was like, 30 frames, I thought you wanted this
to look cinematic?
What the F was you thinking?
But the reason why we shot that at 30
is because I wanted to slow it down just a little bit
so if you take 30 frames per second footage
and slow it down to 80% just enough to take the edge off,
it felt a little less harsh than real time
but it didn't really feel like slow motion,
it was just a little bit of like, is that slow motion?
One thing to keep in mind with music videos
is that the artist does need to listen to the song
so you can sync in post.
The thing is if you're gonna shoot slow motion
then you have to counter the lip syncing
by speeding up the song.
So they actually have to lip sync to a faster version
of their song.
So really when we're filming they're just like (mumbles).
It feels weird but it looks good
when you end up slowing down the song
because then their syncing matches with the song.
And if your project is 30 frames per second
and then you shoot 60 frames per second,
there's a little math involved
but then at that point you could put it through 50% speed.
Then you can get into slow shots, more frames per second
recorded the slower you can make it,
so 120 frames per second, 240 frames per second.
240 frames per second is 10 times more frames per second
then 24 which means you can slow down that footage 10 times
and it still looks perfectly smooth, so awesome.
Anyways, hopefully that cleared up any sort of questions
you might have had about frame rates
and why you would choose 24 frames, 30 frames per second
and high frame rates like 60, 120, 240 and beyond.
And if you wanna another three full hours
of me explaining stuff about cameras
then go check that link down in the description
where I go over everything from recording on your phone
to shooting on a cinema camera.
Anyways, let's read some comments
from a video I recently just posted
about the new DJI Osmo Action
in comparing it to the GoPro Hero7 Black.
The top comment from KingCanon,
"Everybody else rushed out a video,
thanks for sitting on this and finding hiccups
in the software.
Slow and steady wins the race."
- Well, I appreciate that KingCanon but let's be real
if DJI were to send me an early version of the camera,
I definitely would have rushed
'cause it's like guaranteed views
but yeah, I mean the DJI Osmo Action,
still an awesome camera,
I just still kinda prefer the Hero7 Black.
Lee Chris prefers the GoPro.
"I fly FPV drones and the real steady go quality
is unbeatable."
Oh man, FPV drones, those things are kind of crazy.
I have one, I actually bought one not too long ago
but I've been too intimidated to hook it up
and try to turn it on.
I don't know what I'm doing, it's complicated.
It's not like a DJI drone where you plug it in
and everything makes sense.
So this thing, I mean, do I plug it in,
will it explode if I plug it in, I really honestly, don't--
Oh, my god, what was that sound?
(electronic beeping)
See what is happening?
This is exactly my point, I need help,
I need some serious help with this.
Okay, I'm gonna unplug it, save it before it blows up.
Couldn't tell the difference between that and a time bomb
where you have to cut the right wire
or else it's gonna blow up on you,
that's how I feel, that's how much anxiety I have right now.
It'sNJ says he prefers the "DJI Osmo Action
because of the rock steady stabilization,
also Firmware updates are coming in for the Osmo
which might fix some of the bugs you are talking about."
And I hope so because I do really wanna use this thing more
and I do love how it has this front facing display.
Like look at this little thing,
it's a perfect little vlog camera,
I can't wait to take it traveling
and I'm headed to Mexico this summer
so this would be a perfect little companion for that.
And you know thanks for sticking around to the end
and also thank you for checking out my course
and whoever buys it and gives me money,
I thank you too also and I'll see you guys later, peace.
(upbeat music)