Part four of the C1 Advanced use of english paper, the key word transformations,
is bloody hard actually... It's really really difficult... And this is a problem
for you and for me because now I need to try and prepare you! And that's a terrible thing.
My name is Toby, this is SMASH English and here is everything you need to know
about the keyword transformations for the C1 Advanced Cambridge exam.
Yes, as I said before, part four of the C1 Advanced use of english paper is bloody difficult.
You have a sentence and you have a key word and then you have another sentence. Your job is to
make the second sentence mean the same thing as the first sentence using the key word. You should
write between three and six words to do this. Each question is worth two marks so even if you don't
know the complete answer it is very important that you write something. If you write nothing then you
will definitely get zero marks. If you write something you could get one mark or even two
marks so do not leave any blank spaces! Yes? Yes! If you have done the Cambridge B2 First exam then
this part of the C1 Advanced exam will be familiar to you however it is a lot more difficult! This
is because C1 Advanced word transformations may involve idioms and fixed expressions this
is different to completing a grammar structure. Idioms do not follow logic, so if you don't know
the idiom then you cannot get the mark and I'm really really sorry. But instead of me talking
about the exercises why don't we try and do some together! Are you scared? I'm scared! Let's go!
What tense is the original sentence? It's the present simple and we can use the present simple
to talk about routines and habits and that is what we are doing here. I'm sure that you do not know
every single use of the present simple though and if you would like to learn every single use
of the present simple that you need to know then watch this video here! It's really really good.
So we are talking about a habit or a routine. Both of these sentences contain the expression "SMASH
English every afternoon" so we can eliminate that expression from both of our sentences because it's
not important. We do not need to change that so let us not distract ourselves! Yes! So now we need
to find a way of saying "I watch" with the word "habit". Firstly what type of word is "habit"?
Well, it's a noun. Looking at the grammar of our second sentence, we have "I am" so maybe we need
the passive? No that's really strange. Perhaps we need the present continuous?
Well no. We know that's impossible because we are talking about a habit and we don't use the
present continuous for habits. No. We need to use a fixed expression and in this instance the
fixed expression is "to be in the habit". This gives us "I am in the habit .... SMASH English
every afternoon" but we still haven't used the word WATCH yet so how can we make these
sentences mean the same thing? Well, remember you can "be in the habit of doing something".
To be in the habit of plus -ING. So this gives us "I am in the habit of watching SMASH English every
afternoon". Fantastic! So that's one mark for saying "in the habit" and another mark for saying
"of watching". "I am in the habit of watching SMASH English every afternoon". Gosh! That is
fantastic! Remember, if you are in the habit of doing something it means you do it regularly.
If you are not in the habit of doing something it means you don't do it regularly. You can also "get
into the habit" of doing something and that is the process through which
something becomes a habit. Wow! How exciting! And I am not in the habit of begging people however I
am going to beg you to subscribe! Please! Please subscribe! Please! I'm desperate! Please!
In these sentences "I don't stop watching SMASH English videos" is the same as "I keep watching
them" so we can eliminate both of these phrases. We don't need them, they will just distract us.
We also have "sometimes get hungry" so we can eliminate that too. However remember that in
our second sentence we do not have a subject and we might need that later so remember that. Okay,
so we need to say "but". We need to find another way to say "but" using between three and six words
with the word FACT. We cannot say "although the fact" because although needs to be followed by a
subject. We cannot say "though the fact" because though needs to be followed by a subject, and we
cannot say "even though the fact" because "even though" also needs to be followed by a subject.
This leaves us with two options: "despite the fact that" and "in spite of the fact that" but remember
we can only use between three and six words. Both of these answers are technically correct however
we cannot say "in spite of the fact that" because remember we need to put our subject
"I", that's seven words not six. We can only use six so "despite the fact that I"
is our answer here. Yes! This gives us "I don't stop watching SMASH English videos
despite the fact that I sometimes get hungry". Wow! That's one mark for "despite" and another
mark for "the fact that I". Brilliant! And yes! SMASH English is definitely more important than
your hunger for food because SMASHH English satisfies an even more important hunger
and that is your hunger for english... the best hunger... or maybe the worst and that's
why SMASH English is the best because it stops the worst kind of hunger... That's a fact...
We have a transition here. We went from something being terrible to something becoming okay or
normal. Our keyword is USED so can you think of an expression a grammatical structure that we use
to express this idea of something becoming normal or neutral? Well we have USED TO plus INFINITIVE.
We use this to talk about something that was true in the past that is no longer true in the present.
So we could say "I used to hate Monica but now I think she's okay" but there's a problem! Even
though this sentence is grammatically perfect it doesn't fit in with our keyword sentence and so
it's definitely wrong. Instead we need to use another grammatical structure with used.
TO BE USED TO SOMETHING. This means that something is normal for you because you have experienced
it many many times before, it does not cause you problems. For example I am used to making
videos because I have made lots of videos and so the process is normal for me. At the beginning
I hated making videos. It was very difficult but now because I have made so many I'm used to it.
So that's the basic grammar structure we need "to be used to", however we're not finished.
This is because after the expression "to take a while" we need to use TO plus INFINITIVE. So
we have "It took me a while to...". Now we could say "it took me a while to be used to Monica"
but this is strange and that's not really the sense of the sentence. The sentence
is talking about the process of becoming used to Monica however to become used to...
that's strange in English, that is not collocated. Can you think of the verb that we use that goes
with USED TO that talks about the process of BECOMING used to something? The verb we use is
GET. Remember GET can mean BECOME so in this sentence we have "It took me a while to get
used to Monica". Done! So that's one mark for writing "to get" and another mark for writing
"used to". And if you now are thinking "wow I've just realized I don't really know what
get means!" Well, that's a terrible thing... and you can learn all about GET right here!
Oh good god, this is difficult. Okay look at our sentence carefully, What grammar structure
do we need here? Notice how the first word is WERE and this is an auxiliary verb. There's
no subject before it, however this is not a question so what grammar structure do we need?
We need an inversion. WERE is the past simple and in the second clause of our keyword sentence
we have the modal verb WOULD so this suggests that we need to make a second conditional using
inversion. "wouldn't change anything" and "would do nothing differently" are the same,
they are both results clauses of the second conditional so we can eliminate both of
them. They just distract us and we don't need them so get rid of them! Eliminate!
However our condition clause, our if clause in our keyword sentence is completely different to
our first sentence so instead of focusing on what that could be let's just try and make a normal
second conditional. Forget about the inversion. Let's try and make a normal second conditional
with this result clause. Toby does a great job. In fact Toby does such a good job that I wouldn't
change anything. If I were Toby I would not change anything! This is our basic second conditional
however we need to rewrite this sentence using inversion and using our keyword SHOES.
But don't worry because inverting the second conditional is really really easy! We eliminate IF
and put WERE before the subject. This gives us "Were I Toby I would not change anything". Really,
really simple. But of course we have not used SHOES so we are not finished. So can you think of
a fixed expression using SHOES that means the same thing as "if I were Toby" or "Were I Toby"? Okay,
okay, okay, "if I were in Toby's shoes" or in this sentence "Were I in Toby's shoes". You can say "if
I were in your shoes" instead of saying "if I were you". The meaning is the same. Finally that gives
us "Were I in Toby's shoes I would not change anything". That is one mark for "I" and another
mark for "in Toby's shoes". And if you want to learn all about inverting conditionals for the C1
Advanced Cambridge exam then I have a video about it right here! And it's difficult so good luck!
And now for my favorite grammar structures ever! I WISH and IF ONLY! So our original sentence is
using I WISH to express a regret and we know this because I WISH is followed by the past perfect.
We useI WISH plus the past perfect to express a regret.
Do we need to express another regret then in our keyword sentence? Well no. No that is impossible.
How do we know this? Well our keyword is take and take is either an infinitive or
it is in its present simple form. If we want to use "if only" to express a regret that would
be "if only plus the past perfect" and that would require TAKEN and not TAKE. So no that's
impossible. Right, so we said something bad to Toby and now we feel very bad about it and we wish
we had the ability to undo what we said, to reverse what we did. Okay then,
so we're talking about an ability, an ability that we do not have but that we really really want.
This helps us to understand the grammar structure that we need. wW cannot use the past perfect
because the past perfect is about regrets and we have TAKE and TAKE is in the infinitive form
and we understand that if we're using the past perfect we would need TAKEN.... So maybe we are
instead complaining about the present. We are complaining about our lack of ability so this
means we need IF ONLY plus the PAST SIMPLE. And what word do we use for abilities? Well, CAN!
This gives us "if only I could". If only I could what then? Well, the answer to this question is
very very simple because COULD is a modal verb and after a modal verb we always need an infinitive
and luckily our keyword is an infinitive! "If only i could take".... Um yeah, we need a phrasal
verb... a phrasal verb that means to undo an action. You said something and now you want to
reverse what you said you want to take it...
take it BACK. If only I could take back... take back what?
What I said... Yeah... So finally this gives us "If only I could take back
what I said".That is one mark for COULD and another mark for TAKE BACK WHAT
and if you are thinking "Toby I'm completely lost! I wish I understood more about WISH and IF ONLY!
If only I had paid more attention at school!" Well, don't worry because now the internet is
your school and this video is your teacher! Great! And with that we are finished! Hopefully I have
helped you prepare for your C1 Advanced Cambridge exam with these five very very difficult keyword
transformations! If you liked the video don't forget to SMASH that like button, subscribe if
you haven't already, leave a comment down below! My name is Toby and this was SMASH English.