the english-language X on M's ruthenian
have been applied to various East Slavic
people's
the names Ruthenian and Ruth and were
historically applied to people speaking
the Eastern Slavic languages in Rus
especially in the medieval kingdom of
Kievan Rus in the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania and in Poland after union of
Lublin
in 1569 in its narrower census the
exonym ruthenium can identify ethnic
Russians and/or inhabitants of a
cross-border region around the northern
Carpathian Mountains including Western
Ukraine Eastern Slovakia and southern
Poland this area coincides to a large
degree with a region sometimes known in
English as glitter the name Ruthenian is
also used by the Pannonian rusyn
minority in Serbia and Croatia as well
as by rusyn a copyright micro copyright
s outside Europe in contrast the ruh
signs of Romania are more likely to
identify as Ukrainian during the early
modern era the term primarily referred
to members of East Slavic minorities in
the austro-hungarian Empire namely
Ukrainians Andrew signs who today live
in Ukraine Poland Slovakia Romania
Serbia Croatia Hungary and the Czech
lands background with the emergence of
Ukrainian nationalism during the mid
19th century the term Ruthenian as an
endo name declined among Ukrainians and
it fell out of use in eastern and
central Ukraine most people in the
western region of Ukraine followed suit
later in the 19th century after the
expansion of Soviet Ukraine after world
war ii groups who previously had not
considered themselves ukrainians were
merged into the ukrainian identity in
the interbellum period of the 20th
century the term ruthenian was also
applied to people from the crisis chatni
in the second polish republic and
included ukrainians rusyns and lemkos or
alternatively members of the union or
greek catholic church churches in
galicia the polish government actively
replaced all references to ukrainians
with the old word Ruthenians
an action that caused many ukrainian
to be their original self designation
with distaste the Polish census of 1921
counted speakers of Belarusian and
Russian separately but combined
Ukrainians and ruthenians is one
category however the Polish census of
1931 counted belizean Ukrainian Russian
and Ruthenian as separate language
categories and the census results were
substantially different from before
according to Rousseau an American
historian Paul Robert macaques I the
Polish government's policy in the 1930s
pursued a strategy of tribal ization
regarding various ethnographic groups
that is lemkos boy echoes and hutsuls as
well older athenians and Rousseau files
as being different from other Ukrainians
and offered instructions in lemco
vernacular and state schools set up in
the westernmost lemco region etymology
originally routinely was a Latin name of
celtic tribe from the ancient gaul near
contemporary city of Rhoda's according
to boris on be born the latin ruthless
is a derivative of the old ukrainian rue
sign the first use of root knee in
reference to Kevin Ross was in the 1089
by annals August eonni
since then the word was associated with
all East Slavs but since the 16th
century exclusively with modern
Belarusians and Ukrainians the modern
Russian were known as most of tie since
partition of Poland ruthenians were
referred exclusively to the modern
Ukrainians of Habsburg Galicia Bukovina
and transcarpathia on request of
mykhaylo left ski in 1843 the term
became official name for Ukrainians in
the Austrian Empire a number of
ukrainian nationalists such as Mikhail
owed Romanov and Ivan Franko perceived
the term as narrow-minded provincial and
Habsburg true members of intelligentsia
and around 1900 more and more Athenians
began to call themselves by the self
designated name Ukrainians some
Ruthenians who left for the United
States soon after the fall of Habsburg
Empire and 1918 refused to adapt to the
change in the term became more prevalent
to American people from the Carpathian
tinea in 1991 the government of Slovakia
proclaimed a distinct national minority
of Ruthenians who in Ukraine are known
as ruh signs Ruthenian and ruth and were
originally latinized exxon UM's
based on the end anemic term ruh sign
and ethnonym applied to people speaking
the Eastern Slavic languages in the
broad cultural and ethnic region of Rus
especially the medieval kingdom of
Kievan Rus and the Grand Duchy of
Lithuania the term appealed to the
Orthodox heritage and the tradition of
Kievan Rus Ruthenia and negated links
with Catholic Poland excluding the poles
this tradition assumed that all the
docks belarusians ukrainians and
russians formed the three branches of
the trisingular russian nation after
world war ii communists academics
renewed the old tradition of referring
to all related peoples of Kievan Rus as
a single category of Ruthenians to
question the legitimacy of second polish
Republic by comparing its demographics
of poles and Ruthenians later Ruthenians
all ruins were used as a generic term
for greek-catholic who inhabited galicia
and adjoining territories in the
Carpathian Mountains until the early
20th century this group spoke dialects
of the rusyn language and called
themselves thn Florin n th th 1/2 n ruh
signs the language these ruthenians
all ruth and spoke was also called the
Ruthenian language the name aqua jin
se-yeon Magister trademark car mover
became accepted by much of the Ukrainian
literary class in the early 20th century
in austro-hungarian glitter after the
dissolution of austria-hungary in 1918
the term ukrainian was frequently
applied to those Ukrainian speaking
inhabitants of galicia who chose to
identify themselves as ukrainians
however others chose to continue to
refer to themselves in their language as
Ruthenian rather than ukrainian RAL
Fenian and ukrainian were listed as
separate languages in the polish census
of 1931 when commenting on the
dissolution of Czechoslovakia in March
1939 US diplomat George Keenan noted to
those who inquire whether these peasants
are Russians or Ukrainians
there is only one answer they are
neither
they are simply Ruthenians dr. paula
magazi emphasizes that modern Ruthenians
have the sense of a nationality distinct
from Ukrainians and often associates
Ukrainians with Soviets or communists
been origins according to / and Ezra
dueling during the World War I German
authorities allowed the revival of the
aleutian culture in Belarus and
restriction of russification after world
war ii many been erosions from the
eastern borderlands region of pre euro
world war ii poland found themselves in
displaced persons camps in the western
occupation zones of the post-war germany
therefore to avoid confusion with the
term russian and hence repatriation to
the soviet union the terms white
Ruthenian hatela fenian and caribbean
were used the last of these terms
derives from the name of an old eastern
slavic tribe called a cry vex who used
to inhabit the territory of Belarus
autonomy the designations Roux sine and
Karpov Oh rule sign were banned by
Joseph Stalin in June 1945 Athenians who
identify under the rusyn ethnonym and
consider themselves to be a national and
linguistic group separate from
Ukrainians and Belarusians were
relegated to the Carpathian diaspora and
formally functioned among the large
immigrant communities in the United
States across European revival took
place only with the collapse of
communist rule this has resulted in
political conflict and accusations of
intrigue against true sign activists
including criminal charges the Ruthenian
minority is well represented in Slovakia
the single category of people who listed
their ethnicity as ruthenian was created
already in the 1920s however no
generally accepted standardised athenian
language existed after World War two
following the practice in the Soviet
Union Ruthenian ethnicity was disallowed
this Soviet policy maintained that the
Ruthenians and their language were part
of the Ukrainian ethnic group and
language
at the same time the Greek Catholic
Church was banned and replaced with
Eastern Orthodox Church under the
Russian patriarch in an atmosphere which
repressed all religions
thus in Slovakia the former Athenians
were technically free to register as any
ethnicity but Ruthenian see also Rafi
Nia Athenian Athenian nobility polisher
euro leaf ami ami euro Ruthenian
Commonwealth coat of arms of Carpathian
Ruthenia Ukrainian Russa files
references external links Kalpataru sign
heritage the Carpathian connection
ruthenians
Catholic Encyclopedia New York Robert
Appleton company 1913 rue sign on the
Internet
simcha beach org ruthenian history
religion and photos