battery development has been at a standstill for a while even while more manufacturers are making
investments in the technology there hasn't been a significant Improvement in range or charging
times in contrast solid state batteries may be the next major development according to recent
reports as the first major player in the field of electric vehicles Tesla dominated the field
for an extended period of time as a result Tesla's research team is working hard to make improvements
to their present batteries and also focuses on developing lithium-free solid-state batteries
so let's examine how much Tesla has improved its current batteries and how far has the research and
development for solid-state batteries come over the years will it be available soon stay tuned and
let's find out all of these in this episode hello everyone welcome back to Elon Musk Evolution where
we bring you the most recent news about Elon Musk and his multi-billion dollar companies space news
and the latest science and technology but before we begin make sure you subscribe to our Channel
and click the Bell icon so you don't miss any of our amazing videos the rapidly expanding market
for electric vehicles has fueled the creation production and sales of batteries particularly
Lithium-ion batteries which have dominated the battery business for the past 10 years
Next Generation energy storage Technologies are nevertheless always being researched and developed
due to Performance limitations Environmental Protection and supply chain constraints out of all
the possibilities the widely discussed solid-state batteries have generated efforts in both Academia
and Industry the majority of interest in batteries has come from research organizations material
suppliers battery vendors component suppliers automobile oems Venture capitalists and investors
globally there are also more and more players developing solid-state batteries as they are
thought to have several benefits solid-state batteries are regarded as the Holy Grail these
benefits include improved safety increased energy density longer cycle life increased durability a
wider working temperature range close stacking a simpler battery design the potential for flexible
mechanical features and many more for example solid-state batteries provide safer longer lasting
batteries by substituting solid-state electrolytes for organic liquid electrolytes likewise high
voltage cathode materials and high-capacity lithium metal anodes may be compatible with
solid-state electrolytes it is feasible to increase the energy density past 1000 wh per l the
inorganic solid-state electrolyte in particular has a higher density than the polyolefin separator
than the majority of solid-state electrolytes they are often thicker than the separators used
in traditional Lithium-ion batteries as well when compared to lithium-ion batteries most
solid-state batteries have a lower gravimetric energy density if the electrodes remain the same
still a graphite anode and layered metal oxide cathode also a lot of individuals remarked that
because solid-state batteries are secure the temperature management system for them can
be overlooked on the other hand this is untrue comparing Lithium-ion batteries to solid-state
batteries a different safe operating range may exist the need for thermal Management systems and
numerous additional safeguards remains another argument also is that solid-state batteries
are doomed because their value propositions are overly optimistic or too challenging to realize
an ignorance of solid-state batteries can be seen in both the optimistic and pessimistic viewpoints
the value propositions cell designs performance supply chain needs manufacturing processes and
Readiness levels of solid-state batteries vary depending on the technology because the sector
is still in its infancy the main reasons for using solid-state batteries however continue to
be improved safety a potential increase in energy density and more straightforward system designs
three major material systems there are different technological philosophies within the solid-state
battery regime in the Next Generation development oxide sulfide and polymer systems have emerged as
the most preferred choices with more variations falling under each category sulfide electrolytes
have a variety of benefits including excellent ionic conductivity even better than liquid
electrolyte low processing temperature a large electrochemical stability window and others they
are appealing due to a number of advantages and are frequently regarded as the best choice but
commercialization is comparatively delayed due to manufacturing challenges and the production
of a harmful byproduct called hydrogen sulfide polymer systems are simple to manufacture most are
compatible with current manufacturing facilities and several have already reached the market
while the low antioxide potential lowers stability and relatively High working temperature point to
difficulties with better electrochemical and thermal stabilities oxide systems are
more stable than lithium metal but the increased interface resistance and the more expensive lower
yield production procedures generally indicate some issues let's break down the solid-state
battery drawbacks and roadblocks all of that is fantastic so it makes sense that there are dozens
of startups seeking to commercialize solid-state batteries several of which have received
significant funding from leading oems and have optimistic timelines for product introductions
by 2025. however that might be too hopeful let's review some of the hurdles materials shortages
lithium is a key component in most batteries despite the fact that the interior components
of batteries differ depending on construction despite the fact that lithium output has
increased by three times just in the last five years lithium prices have tripled
globally in the last year alone simply put the substance is in low Supply everywhere
the issue is that Lithium-ion batteries presently use a lot of lithium solid-state batteries may
actually require much more do you recall the above mentioned higher density anodes they'll probably
be constructed entirely of lithium metal currently lithium metal can enhance the specific energy of
your battery by up to three times however it arrives as pure lithium meaning the lithium
intensity is also increased according to McNulty who noted that this will make the lithium shortage
worse according to Dr Jordan Lindsey research and Innovation manager at minviro a UK company it will
be between 5 and 10 times the amount of lithium for the same battery a consultancy company that
calculates the effects of raw material production on the environment so if you can nail recycling
for that cool but if not we're already projecting difficulties with Supply chains for standard
lithium ion so I have no idea how we resource solid state recycling issues there aren't any
inefficient techniques to recycle solid-state packs right now claims Lindsay with Lithium-ion
batteries you can recycle nickel Cobalt manganese aluminum and copper from the cell components quite
efficiently right now however Lindsay explained that one of the problems with solid state is that
we'll need to improve lithium recycling but they're still figuring out how efficient it
is and graphite and lithium are the bottlenecks for large-scale closed-loop battery recycling
recycling could help with supply chain challenges while a swaging environmental concerns but Lindsay
is concerned that it may not be implemented soon enough to meet the problem there is this
huge criticality on materials but I don't think it's been addressed as seriously as it could be
she says I think there is this sort of messy race to try and get ahead and the industrial
side of recycling for Batteries he continued because it's really important in terms of life
cycle assessment not necessarily an environmental impact because the recycling processes are quite
energy intensive by themselves but in terms of reducing strain on Supply chains we will not be
able to make all these batteries without recycling dendrites in case you forgot the anode and cathode
of solid-state batteries are separated by a solid electrolyte this calls for more compact dense
batteries as well as an electrode made of pure lithium with a higher density all is well thus far
right researchers have discovered an issue though and it is one that also affects the Lithium-ion
batteries that power today's EVS particularly when they are frequently charged at high power fast
charge stations the lithium electrode in these batteries has been altering and developing in
odd organic ways as they get older dendrites which are metal branching structures that literally grow
into the solid electrolyte are what the lithium is producing these dendrites eventually become long
enough to pass through to the opposite side of the electrolyte and short out the battery pack that's
horrible news yet again according to a recent MIT study internal tensions in the battery structure
cause dendrites to grow those researchers discovered they could stop the formation
of dendrites by subjecting them to additional physical pressures it might take years before
a solution can be used in Mass manufacturing though as these findings are still in the lab
cost the expense is arguably the largest negative in addition to needing higher densities of rare
Metals solid-state batteries also use a completely new building process that current lithium-ion
sells this implies that new plants new practices and fresh advantages of mass production are
continually being developed but ultimately it's possible that these batteries will become even
more affordable the first commercialization of a solid-state battery will not be cost competitive
with today's Lithium-ion batteries it will come at a cost premium McNulty predicted however the
advantages in terms of safety driving range and other factors would probably make up for
that during the course of the first five to ten years of commercialization when the technology
will start to become cost competitive with all the mentioned roadblocks the need for a lithium-free
solid-state battery is very crucial meanwhile due to its abundance magnesium is a viable material
for these solid-state batteries however due to the poor conductivity of magnesium ions in
solids at ambient temperature its practical application is restricted this long-standing
obstacle has recently been overcome by Japanese researchers who created a unique magnesium ions
conductor with the superconductivity of 10 to 3 Siemens per centimeter that
is applicable in real-world applications for a sustainable future it is essential
to create extremely effective energy storage technologies that can store renewable energy
solid-state rechargeable Lithium-ion batteries are the most advanced type of battery available today
however since lithium is a rare earth metal society's Reliance on it is probably going to
cause a sharp drop in its Supply and accompanying price increases as an alternative to lithium-ion
batteries magnesium ion based batteries that gained popularity magnesium is abundant in the
Earth's crust and systems based on magnesium ions are believed to have high energy densities great
safety and low costs the weak conductivity of magnesium ions in materials at normal temperature
however restricts its wide range of applications due to the strong interactions that divalent
positive ions have with their nearby negative ions in a solid Crystal which prevent them from
moving through the substance magnesium ions have a low solid-state conductivity a research team from
Tokyo University of Science recently overcame this obstacle a solid-state magnesium ions conductor
was super ionic conductivity of 103 Siemens per centimeter the threshold for practical application
in solid-state batteries is reported for the first time in their new study which was published online
on May 4 and in print on May 18 in volume 144 issue 19 of the Journal of the American Chemical
Society the maximum conductivity for magnesium ions conductors has been documented up to this
point masaki sarakiyo a junior associate professor at tus and the study's principal investigator
stated that in this work we exploited a class of materials called metal organic Frameworks
moff's highly porous Crystal structures give the contained ions plenty of room to move about in an
effective manner the research team also included Mr yuto Yoshida from tus Professor Tepe Yamada
from the University of Tokyo assistant professor Takashi toyao and Professor Kenichi shimuzu from
Hokkaido University in this case We additionally introduced a gaster molecule acetonitrile
into the pores of the mof which was successful in strongly accelerating the conductivity of
mg2 plus the article was published in volume 144 issue 19 of the journal on May 18 2022 after being
made available online on May 4 2022 as the primary framework the scientists used a moth called Mill
101 and mg2 plus ions were subsequently enclosed in its nanopores because of the Loosely packed mg2
Plus in the resulting moff based electrolyte divalent mg2 plus ions may move around freely
the study team subjected the electrolyte to acetona trial Vapors which were absorbed by
The Moth as guest molecules to further improve ion conductivity other alternatives for the future of
EV batteries batteries as structural components the use of Cutting Edge Battery Technology as a
structural component of upcoming electric cars has been the subject of research at Chalmers
University of Technology this might result in lighter cars whose body components serve as the
batteries these battery structural components would be incredibly robust and rigid because to
the use of carbon fiber as the negative electrode and lithium iron phosphate as the positive
electrode carbon nanotube electrodes an ultra fast carbon electrode developed by Nawa Technologies
has been granted a patent and has the potential to replace batteries as we currently know them
this uses a carbon nanotube that is vertically oriented and can increase battery power 10 times
more than conventional battery packs additionally it can extend a battery's longevity by five times
and improve energy storage capacity by a factor of three according to Nawa it will
only take five minutes to charge to 80 percent as soon as 2023 this technology might be in use
Cobalt free batteries in order to avoid using Cobalt as a cathode the University of Texas is
developing a Lithium-Ion battery rather it makes use of aluminum manganese and nickel up to 89
percent Cobalt scarcity high cost and hazardous sourcing are the driving forces behind this
Additionally the U of T team claims that their batteries result in a more tasteful ion dispersion
Cobalt free batteries are created for the EV industry by a Chinese business called svault
according to their proponents they offer a higher energy density giving their vehicles a single
charge driving range of up to 500 miles silicone anode batteries a method to create a hybrid anode
using mesoporous silicone microparticles and carbon nanotubes has been devised by
researchers at the University of Eastern Finland in an effort to address the issue of unstable
silicone in Lithium-ion batteries with silicone which has 10 times the capacity of graphite they
intend to replace the anode the intention is to boost battery performance in this way the silicone
is Created from barley husk Ash which is the best part about its environmentally friendly sourcing
a battery extracted from seawater a new battery chemistry that can outperform Lithium-ion
batteries has been found by IBM research it is free of heavy metals seawater is used to remove
the materials according to IBM these batteries will cost less to produce charge more quickly and
have greater power and energy density to develop the technology the business is now collaborating
with Mercedes-Benz sand batteries offer more life in order to generate pure silicone using
sand scientists at the University of California Riverside are developing a battery technology
that will perform three times as well as current graphite-based Lithium-ion batteries Additionally
the battery life is extended by this new pure silicone by receiving Finance from Daimler
and BMW the battery startup business silnano is able to commercialize this technology and
deliver on its promise of a 40 Improvement in battery performance in the near future
powered by Wi-Fi imagine being able to charge your automobile while you're on
the road via Wi-Fi you would never need to plug in to replenish your battery while this
technology is still in its infancy researchers have created a radio wave harvesting antenna
that is only a few atoms thick and may be used to recharge future EVS via electromagnetic waves
and that ends today's episode what do you think of this episode please subscribe and
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