Today on What If,
we’re taking Jupiter’s deadly gases
and unleashing them on Earth.
The gas clouds churning around Jupiter
contain some of the most toxic elements
ever known.
So what’s in this gaseous cocktail?
Well, try helium and hydrogen
with a pinch of ammonia,
sulfur and methane.
For this experiment, we’ll scale
the size of Jupiter’s atmosphere
to fit Earth.
But how could we transport it
into our air?
Well, we’d have to go directly to the source
and siphon all those gases
from Jupiter.
We could send a spaceship
equipped to vacuum them up
and bring them back to Earth.
Now, that roundtrip
to the gas giant and back
would take about 12 years.
Hopefully, that would be enough time
to prepare our planet
for this complete atmospheric makeover.
This storm could change the landscape of the Earth permanently.
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Adding Jupiter’s atmosphere to Earth’s
would put a lot more hydrogen in our air,
creating a dangerous mixture.
High above,
explosions would rock the skyline
with force so powerful
it would shake the ground.
Oh, and did I mention we’re increasing
Earth’s gravity a bit too?
Yeah, otherwise,
all those gases would escape into space
through the farthest layer, the exosphere.
This boundary between space
and the atmosphere is razor-thin.
Enjoy this view of our mini-Jupiter
because from here, it only gets worse.
Go one layer down,
and you’d be in the thermosphere.
Here, particles heated
by the magnetosphere
create the glowing aura
that surrounds Jupiter.
So Earth would have that now.
Now, hopefully, the thermosphere
would be hot enough
to destroy meteors and other debris.
We’d have enough problems
without falling rocks beating us.
If you kept going down,
you’d be floating in the stratosphere.
This layer’s winds would tear up
the North and South Poles.
Yeah, they’d clock in as fast
as 400 m/s (1,300 ft/s).
That’s three times the speed
of Earth’s strongest tornadoes.
But these winds would feel like
a soft breeze
compared to the next danger
inside our new atmosphere.
Now you’d be in the troposphere,
right above the Earth’s surface.
This layer extended
to around 50 km (31 m) on Jupiter.
But now on Earth,
these corrosive clouds of ammonia,
ammonium hydrosulfide
and water vapor
could reach heights of up to 20 km (12 mi).
And on Jupiter, the surface
reaches below-freezing conditions.
If these dense clouds blocked out
most of the Earth’s sunlight,
temperatures would drop dramatically.
To survive,
we’d have to build shelters
to protect us from the colder climate
and poisonous gases.
Maybe we’d live underground
near geothermal vents,
where heat escapes from the Earth’s core.
Because above the surface,
the air would be so deadly
that a gas mask wouldn’t even save you.
You’d need a space suit
to withstand the gases on the ground.
Without proper protection,
this vortex of toxic fumes
would eat away at your eyes,
lungs and skin.
And without enough
oxygen in our atmosphere,
all the plants, animals
and humans would die.
But our devastation
would be a sight to behold.
These ammonia clouds would create
spectacular red and white bands
as they swirled around our planet.
The dark red bands are called belts,
and their gases would sink to the ground.
But the cold air
in the white bands, called zones,
would rise.
And here’s the pinnacle
of those powerful gases,
the storm called the Great Red Spot.
We discovered this
violent hurricane on Jupiter
over 400 years ago.
And now we’ve brought it to Earth.
And although evidence shows
that the storm is shrinking,
it’s still large enough
to swallow Earth twice.
Yeah, it wouldn’t leave us anytime soon.
If this neverending storm existed on Earth,
it would funnel these gases
as fast as a Category 5 hurricane.
It would stretch out over 640 km (398 mi),
covering an area 1.5 times
the size of the Grand Canyon.
Its massive clouds would stretch
beyond the other layers of the atmosphere
and into space.
This tempest would destroy
cities around the equator.
Anyone not living underground
would live in constant danger.
From Ecuador to Congo
and all the way to Indonesia,
over 700 million people
would be displaced
or wiped out.
Earth’s imported atmosphere
would look great from above,
but life on Earth might be all but extinct
if we brought the Great Red Spot here.
Okay, so what if,
instead of the atmosphere,
we took Jupiter’s magnetic field?
Well, keep watching because
that’s a story for another WHAT IF.