I am Andrew Joseph Keith, he who brought forth this beast of fire and death.
I will now open your eyes to my process that one day, you too may wield the skills to bring forth dragons,
or men, or beasts of wire and clay.
To begin, one must-
(coughing sounds)
Sorry about that. I think I had a piece of old English caught in my throat.
As I was saying, all you really need to get started is a basic desire to learn, some basic supplies,
and the knowledge. I’m here to help you with the knowledge so you can start sculpting
like a pro. So let’s get started!
Before you start throwing clay around, it’s important to create an armature, kind of like
a metal skeleton that the clay can attach to. If you didn’t have any bones, you’d
be helplessly flopping on the ground. This is a simple and effective armature, the same
kind you would use when sculpting portraits. It’s made from a square plywood board, a
½” metal floor flange, and a ½” by 17” metal pipe. I then attach 8 gage metal wire
on top of this to shape the armature. Here’s a Pro Tip: Don’t fill out the interior
of your sculpture with heavy, expensive clay! Newsprint and masking tape work just as well
and cost much less.
The clay I like to use is Chavant NSP medium because it is high quality, it doesn’t dry
out over time, and you can change the hardness by warming or cooling the clay. And because
it’s made with wax, it feels less oily than some other modeling clays that I’ve used.
I warm the clay up in a cardboard box with a heat gun while I prep the armature. I keep
the heat gun a few feet back so it doesn’t turn the clay into a molten, melted, mess.
I want the clay to be nice and soft so I can grab large chunks and apply them generously
to the armature to build it out. If the clay is not soft enough, this part of the process
will be much more difficult and slow.
For most of the sculpture, you’ll only need to use your hands and fingers to add the clay
and shape it. You’ll find that this is the quickest way to sculpt, but once you get into
the details, that’s when you’ll need the right tool to shape the clay more precisely.
Once you’ve got the armature covered in clay, make sure that you have the correct
gesture. It’s fairly easy to make large changes early on but once you start working
on the details, it becomes more and more difficult to make those changes without having to redo
everything.
When checking your gesture, look at the sculpture as a whole and try to get a sense of things
like the proportions of the head compared to the neck, or the top of the jaw compared
to the bottom jaw. Making these comparisons and observing how each element relates to
the other elements is important at each step of the process.
Do you remember the videos on the robo-bean and mannequinization? Where Stan showed you
how to represent the complicated forms of the body in basic geometric forms like boxes
and cylinders? That’s basically what I’m trying to do at this stage. I’m trying to
create a kind of geometric dragon that helps me better visualize the overall shapes and
lets me see if the sculpture is symmetrical. If I had more experience and knowledge about
how to create this dragon, I might have started more organically. But I’ve found when you
are sculpting something new and complicated, it helps to break it up into some simple basic
forms that have clearly defined planes. If those underlying forms are off, the sculpture
won’t look right no matter how much cool detail you put on top of those sloppy forms.
I like to draw a clear centerline to help me as I sculpt. It’s important when working
in 3D to be able to always identify the centerline of the sculpture. This dragon is in a very
symmetrical pose and its primary gesture is the s-curve of the neck, but if this was a
more dynamic pose that was twisting or turning, a correct center line would be even more essential.
Once I have the centerline clearly marked I can get a better idea of the proportions
and symmetry as I’m working.
For the spines on the back of the dragon’s neck, I used additional wire inserts to help
support the clay. If you’re gonna sculpt fantasy creatures, especially things with
spikes and pointy teeth, you’ll need to think of ways to support that clay in some
of those areas. I bent out some wire and attached it to the sculpture by warming the clay, placing
the wire, and then building up the clay around the base of the wire. I’m gonna be honest
and tell you that I shouldn’t have used this method for the spines on the back of
the neck, because once I added clay and then used the tools to carve away, I found that
the wire just got in the way and kept me from being able to change things up later in the
process. If I was to redo it, I would have only used the wire support for the large horns.
And that’s the thing about sculpting; until you try something, you really don’t know
what the best method is for you. Sometimes you just have to go for it and hope for the
best.
Try to work evenly throughout the sculpture. It’s easy to get caught up in one area for
too long and develop tunnel vision. You’ll stop seeing that area in the context of the
whole. If you work on a single area or angle for hours without stepping back, you may find
that the proportions are off and you need to re-do a lot of work. To avoid this try
to work evenly and constantly move around the sculpture, or if you’re lazy like me
and have a lazy susan, you can just turn the sculpture. It also helps to take frequent
breaks and step back away from the sculpture to look at it from a distance.
Once the sculpture starts to take shape and the underlying forms begin to look how you
want, it’s time to start thinking about the details that will make the sculpture come
alive. This dragon is all about spikes, horns, and teeth. I knew I didn’t have time to
place each spike exactly or even place as many as there were supposed to be, but with
sculpture you’ll find that if you get the general masses correct, it will start to feel right.
I will tell you, it was difficult to create perfectly sharp horns, spikes and teeth with
chavant medium clay. If I would have had double the time to work on this, I might have used
Chavant NSP hard which, when cool, is almost like carving wax. It’s nice and hard and
it’s great for holding detail. But because this was a fairly quick sculpt, I think the
medium clay was the right choice, since it allowed me to use mostly my fingers to shape
the clay quickly.
I made the spikes by rolling long cones of clay and attaching them to the dragon with
a tool or my finger. For stuff like this, you’ll want to press your fingers down firmly
around the base of the cone so the spikes don’t fall off easily. You can see how these
details really start to bring the dragon to life.
Before you think about what kind of surface texture you want, take some time to make sure
the underlying primary and secondary forms of the sculpture are correct. I often see
beginner sculptors create some wicked textures on the surface but because the underlying
forms were not working, it still looks clumsy. There are many different techniques that you
can use to create texture.
For example, a cool trick for creating texture for wrinkles is to use a piece of plastic
and then a sharp tool to run across the surface. The plastic gives a more organic rounded edge
to the wrinkle so you don’t have to go back over the area and soften the hard edges that
the tool will make on its own. When using this technique, you want to vary your strokes
and pressure so that it looks organic. For some areas, like those around the teeth I
applied more pressure for deeper creases. You can also roll small bits of clay into
a ball and place them on the surface, and then smooth it out to give it a more organic
surface.
If you apply texture to a small area it may look weird, but as you continue the texture
throughout it will start to look more natural. Whatever surface texture you decide on, try
to make it consistent, though you don’t always have to represent each area with the
same amount of detail. For example, I’m not worried about the texture on the neck
being as detailed as the head, so I just use a rake tool to make a rough criss cross texture
that fits in with the rest of the sculpture without taking hours and hours to work on.
This was actually the first sculpture I’ve made that wasn’t based on the human figure.
I mention this so you can see that once you learn the fundamental principles of sculpture
you can really apply those principles to pretty much anything.
I had a lot of photo references, I made a small maquette model ahead of time to capture
the gesture and proportions, I did my homework on surface textures I could use, and because
I only had a limited amount of time to film at the Proko Studio, I made a plan with timed
goals for when I would accomplish each step of the process.
And there you have it! I really do hope this gets you excited to start sculpting.
The Proko team and I are working hard to create a sculpture fundamentals course for you guys.
Man, I’m excited for that! We’ll go over all the fundamental sculpture techniques that
I learned while getting my Bachelor of Fine Arts Degree in sculpture. There will be a
lot of free content and the Premium course will cost you a lot less than I spent learning
how to sculpt. You can follow the newsletter or stay subscribed to the channel to get updates
on when the course will come out!
If interested you can follow me on instagram @andrewjosephkeith
Now go make something awesome and I’ll see you guys again soon in the sculpture fundamentals
course!