around 71 of the earth is covered by the oceans that works out to around 320.3
million cubic miles of water that's a lot of water so it's no surprise that the oceans hide
countless mysteries and marbles some of them far more amazing than others
number 10. the city of alexandria one of the greatest cities of antiquity was alexandria the
famed metropolis created by alexander the great himself the third largest city in egypt it was
founded back in 331 bc it was home to the fabled lighthouse of alexandria and remained one of
the greatest cities in the world for well over a thousand years though it was plundered in 641 a.d
then as with almost anything that has such a history its time mostly came to an end much of
alexandria was lost to the sea over generations and it was not discovered again for many years
in the 1990s divers began the process of excavating the area and discovered amazing
structures beneath the water as well as incredible statues and art this includes what may have been
the royal quarters of cleopatra herself 9. plutonium make a list of stuff you probably
don't want to find just lying around plutonium has to be on that list somewhere one of the most
radioactive substances in the universe plutonium emits dangerous alpha radiation outside of your
body alpha rays are actually not that dangerous relatively speaking however if you inhale it
the damage it can do inside your body is catastrophic it could cause chromosomal damage
that's as much as a thousand times worse than other sorts of radiation given the potential harm
you'd want to make sure you know where plutonium is and keep it under wraps but that's hard to do
when it shows up at the bottom of the ocean nearly all plutonium you've ever heard of
is man-made it's a nuclear waste material but the plutonium in the ocean was likely made when a star
exploded and launched the material into space it probably crashed onto the earth millions of
years ago and settled into the sediment at the bottom of the sea plutonium born in stars is
a rare tree for scientists natural elements like this unlock the keys to the universe in many ways
we know that hydrogen and helium were formed when the universe formed but things like plutonium
are virtually unheard of number eight worm highway when and where life developed and
evolved is always of interest to scientists and it's also something very hard to piece together
figuring out what happened hundreds of millions of years ago is not exactly an easy task when all you
have to go by is samples of rocks that's what made the discovery of a series of worm tunnels
so interesting researchers in canada discovered what they decided to call a superhighway of
extremely tiny tunnels in rocks that dated back to a time before the dinosaurs these little tunnels
were preserved in the rock and indicated a sea floor that was bustling with life 270 million
years in the past despite being located at what would have been the bottom of a dark ocean the
fossils show a network of little tunnels some only 0.5 millimeters in diameter that were once
home to worms that were busy living their lives and being hunted by predators in the depths of
the ancient seas that covered the area prior to this discovery the idea of life having existed
in that place and that time especially with such diversity was pretty much unheard of 7. brinicles
are sometimes known as ice fingers of death which is a name you might expect for a nordic death
metal band and not necessarily an innocuous if unusual natural phenomenon still with a name like
that it's no doubt that they're pretty interesting though exceedingly rare so what is an ice finger
of death well it's an honesty icicle brinicles are rarely observed because they don't tend to last
long located in polar water under sheets of ice they form as long winding flowing icicles because
sea ice is made with salt water the salt gets pushed out as the fresh water freezes and forms
channels in the ice sometimes the extremely salty unfrozen water left over winds all the way
through the ice to the ocean below as it drains into the sea it sinks because it's far more
saline than the surrounding sea water but it's also well below freezing as it sinks
the relatively fresh water meets on the way down freezes when the two waters contact each other
it's possible for a brinacle to grow from surface ice all the way down to the ocean floor and then
spread out from there they're short-lived however as shifting currents and temperatures
will destroy them quickly number six the japanese atlantis if you've never heard of the yonaguni
monument you're not alone sometimes called the japanese atlantis this site located near the
ryuku islands in japan has been a contentious find for years some believe the site shows evidence
of an ancient civilization possibly even the lost continent of mu initial guesses claimed a
pyramid discovered at the site could be as much as ten thousand years old a number which was
later revised to two thousand or three thousand years old still that would be a remarkable find
because any sort of pyramids off the coast of japan would definitely be unprecedented
the problem is that perhaps they still are one of the greatest mysteries around the yanaguni
monument is whether it's anything at all despite the central point of interest looking amazingly
like a well-carved step pyramid there's also tons of evidence that this is just a natural phenomena
as you may know certain kinds of stone can form in platforms and sheets at angles that make them look
like they were carved into corners this has been observed in many places around the world as well
and some researchers feel that that's the case with the sandstone atianakuni the biggest problem
is that few people are interested in researching this one way or the other and the government has
already decided there's nothing of significance at the site 5. beat for nearly 15 years the west
coast of canada was plagued by one of the most morbid problems imaginable feet kept washing
up from the ocean severed human feet always in shoes appeared on beaches up and down the coast
this happened over a dozen times and none of the feet appeared as matching pairs some human body
parts are easier to identify than others but feet are not particularly easy especially when no one
has been reported missing as was continually the case the rumors began to churn like a foot-filled
ocean after several appearances with people afraid there might be a serial killer out there lopping
off feet and tossing them into the water after much research and investigation law enforcement
was able to identify 10 of the 15 feet that washed up we said earlier that none appeared as
matching pairs but that didn't mean there were no matching pairs after all in fact one pair of feet
was discovered five years apart same person just quite a long time before discovery so what happens
well accidents all the identifiable parts belong to people known to have died in an accident the
body falls into the water and because a human ankle is a relatively weak point it separates
from the hole and because it's in a shoe it stays relatively safe from ocean predators and other
factors which would contribute to decomposition instead they churn around in current sometimes
for years until they arrive on shore the boot found in 2009 belonged to a man who went missing
in 1985. number four undersea rivers in most contexts a river is not that amazing sure there
has to be the longest river in the world or even the oldest but there's still rivers we've all seen
a river but have you ever seen one at the bottom of the ocean because there are many of them and
they're pretty remarkable the very idea of a river in the ocean sounds a little bizarre off the coast
of california you'll find the monterey canyon a vast swath cut out of the ocean floor by a
200 mile long river that bends and winds like any surface river might the black sea underwater river
flows at a rate of about four miles an hour and stretches for 37 miles undersea rivers are still
relatively unknown and poorly researched overall they weren't really known to exist at all until
the 1980s you can imagine it was difficult to pick them out since they're just water flowing through
more water but they do flow just like surface rivers and cut the same geological patterns
into the rock beneath the water as rivers on the surface do the rivers start as sediment flows like
avalanches and mudslides but are able to pick up incredible speed and move massive volumes
of sediment in a relatively small period of time number three nine thousand-year-old hunting blind
deep in the frosty waters of lake huron scientists have uncovered evidence of a 9 000 year old human
hunting blind artifacts and man-made stone structures were found preserved in the pristine
wart as evidence of a time when the world looked a lot different than it does today back then there
was a land bridge across that part of the world thanks to lake levels being hundreds of feet lower
than they are today and because the bridge was a relatively narrow path it was a perfect spot
to hunt animals migrating down from the north lines of stone were found by archaeologists which
would have been used to corral the animals in the wild animals like carabao are naturally averse to
stepping over anything if they don't have to make even a small wall of stone and they will
walk around it instead of over it these stone walls led to campsites where old tools and more
were discovered things were so well preserved that the firings still had coals in them number two the
great pacific garbage patch most of us have heard of ocean garbage patches before but understanding
the scale of them is something else entirely the push to eliminate single-use plastics as directly
related to the trash and the ocean and our need to do something about it unfortunately it's an uphill
battle as witnessed by the derision and backlash that came when people tried to swap plastic straws
for a paper one a few years ago you'd think people were being robbed of their livelihoods so why is
this such a big deal the great pacific garbage patch which is the largest of five massive trash
piles at sea covers an area of 1.6 million square kilometers of ocean surface it's twice the size
of texas and made almost exclusively of discarded plastic how much plastic about 1.8 trillion pieces
weighing around 800 000 tons both of these numbers focus on the most dense section of
the patch meaning it's likely much higher on both counts much of the plastic in the patch is what's
called microplastic tiny beads of plastic that are barely even visible to the naked eye some pieces
are large however and dangerous to marine life in terms of simply snaring them such as in nets
but the smaller pieces are also a danger as they are ingested by fish and then in turn by humans
1. earliest life on earth of all the things that have been discovered in the ocean few can claim to
be as remarkable as some extremely old extremely small fossils found in quebec canada these fossils
seem to be evidence of the oldest life ever discovered on planet earth fossils unearthed in
the ferrogenius sedimentary rocks which indicate they were once around hydrothermal vents have been
dated back much further than anyone would think they'd discovered life before remember humans
didn't appear until around 300 thousand years ago and dinosaurs didn't appear until around
230 million years ago but these fossils date back to 3.7 to 4.2 billion years ago the entire
planet's only about 4.5 billion years old the life is by no means complex this is just the
fossilized remains of microbial life but the age indicates that the earth was relatively fast to
get the biological ball rolling so i really hope you found this video interesting if you did please
do hit that thumbs up button below don't forget to subscribe as always thank you for watching