(lively music)
- [interviewee] This amazing photo montage
is by German artist, Hannah Hoch.
And it's from 1919.
It has an extremely long title.
"Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through
"the Last Weimar Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch in Germany."
- [interviewer] 1919, that was a really
pretty fraught moment.
So what was going on?
- [interviewee] Political chaos.
The government has been completely changed
after World War I.
There's a lot of conflict between the Spartacists,
the far-left wing, communists,
and the Freikorps was encouraged to attack people
by members of the government.
So there all these clashes and a lot of people end up
getting arrested and some people end up getting killed.
And that's just one particular moment.
January of 1919, all of that infighting happens.
- [interviewer] So all this fragmentation
is just beautifully captured here.
The contrast from the kind of long war,
which would have really focused the country's attention,
and then this complete breakdown.
- [interviewee] If you think about the title,
"Cut with a Kitchen Knife," think about the idea
of cutting things, literally,
like that works for the photo montage.
And she's cutting a swath through all this,
and piecing things back together in ways that make sense
to her, focusing on the fragmentation
as defining culture at that moment.
- [interviewer] I'm assuming most of these photographs
came from newspapers, from magazines.
- They did. - And so it's all immediate,
and topical, and all relevant at this moment,
but it's being reconstructed.
- [interviewee] But I love that it's a kitchen knife.
She's very focused on the role of women artists.
As a Dadaist, how was she treated?
And she wasn't treated very well.
I think one of the things she actually had problem with
is a lot of male Dadaists had grand ideas
about changing cultural mores, and views,
and gender equity, but then in their practice of that,
they did nothing.
There's a couple of ways that that is visualized here.
If we look at the very central image,
we actually see one of the foremost
German expressionist artists, Kathe Kollwitz,
and the body underneath her is dancer, Niddy Impekoven.
And if you look at the way that that forms a central point
around which everything else rotates,
and there is a sense of movement happening
all at the same time.
One thing I always think is really interesting
is this tiny little head is actually Hannah Hoch.
Instead of putting her signature,
she puts a little portrait of herself.
And what it is, is actually pasted onto the corner of a map,
which shows the countries in Europe
that had women's voting rights at the time.
So that's one of the ways that we know she was thinking
about the role of women in society and in the art world.
So, first of all,
if you think about this image in terms of quadrants,
usually the right side is known as the anti-Dadaist.
Now, the people that are in the anti-Dadaist corner
are obviously politicians.
Kaiser Wilhelm is right here.
His head is really big and this figure is quite large.
She makes fun of Kaiser Wilhelm with this little figure
of two wrestlers that are creating the mustache.
So then they're also other political figures.
There's General Von Hindenberg,
the head of him on the body of this exotic dancer.
Down here, there is
German Minister of Defense, Gustav Noske.
And he's talking to another general,
and this general up here is standing on their heads.
But if we go down here, in the lower right corner,
we see the world of the Dadaist.
Right here, it says Dadaisten.
So this is the corner that has Hannah Hoch,
and the map, and then it also has other Dadaist figures.
There's the Dadaist, Raoul Hausmann.
Hannah Hoch had a relationship
with Hausmann for awhile.
And for a long time, all of the literature
on Hoch referred to as the wife of Raoul Hausmann.
Here, you see the two heads of Dadaists,
George Grosz and Wielande Herzfelde,
the brother of John Heartfield and Niddy Impekoven,
the same dancer that's in the center here,
is now over here, bathing John Heartfield
in this bathtub.
And here we have Lenin,
and then there's another Dadaist, Johannes Baader.
And then you see
one of the Communist Party leaders, Karl Radek.
And he was back and forth between Russia and Germany.
So he's very involved with the Communist Party.
Karl Marx.
Then over here is the head
of modern art critic and writer, Theodore Daubler.
And his head is on top of a baby's body.
- [Interviewee] So really infantilizing all of these--
- [Interviewee] Yeah, and then they're all men.
On the left side, there are forms of Dada.
This is Dada propaganda.
This is Einstein right here, actually.
And he is saying a couple of different things.
Right here, this little bit of text
is in German, and it says,
"He he, young man, Dada is not an art trend."
That it's not just something that's coming and going.
And that it's actually something more meaningful.
Now down here, there's a lot of scenes of mass gathering.
So we see Karl Liebknecht,
one of the German Communist Party leaders,
along with Rosa Luxembourg, who were jailed, tortured,
and then assassinated in January 19.
He's saying join Dada.
Dada is going on all over Europe,
and there are different centers of Dada,
and they all have different art-making practices.
And photo montage was central to the Berlin Dadaists.
- [Interviewer] Well, the whole notion of the kitchen knife
is really empowering.
- [Interviewee] The idea of domesticity
as being something that could undermine
cultural values is amazing