Welcome back anatomy students today. We're going to talk about articulations. We're going to talk about joints when two bones articulate
They join together
So we have one main objective, and that's simply to categorize
Joints, there's two different categories
We can classify
joints according to their structure or we can classify them according to their
function so each of these has three categories and
So we want to be able to list examples of each
Category as it relates to function and each category as it relates to structure
so first of all [just] the scientific term their articulation
Means joint, so we're two bones are held together
what's the purpose of a joint other than to hold our structure is to allow us Movement, so
the Greater the degree of Movement Within the Joint the more Movement our bodies can
Handle and every bone in our body has a joint with another bone
Intercept for the Hyoid bone the Hyoid bone has no joint with any other bone
And it is the only bone that has [that] so that's its claim to [fame]
I tell you that I like to test you on claims to fame. So that's one of them um
the the Hyoid Bone sits above your lAryNx
Which is your voice box?
And I'm using it right now um the muscles of my tongue are attached to my hyoid bone
So here's our first classification. We can classify joints according to their function in other words
We classify them according to the degree [of] movement they provide
It's either none some or lat
So sin arthro sees the arthrosis are going to be the categories related to function so sin is not
at all so these are [your]
Amoveo jumps and our throttle joints on the most common example that we have are those in our skull
So the sutures are similar attic joints
Amphiaraus erotic Joints Amphi is partial right you think of amphibian?
It's apart life and water [Impart] life on land so that prefex Amphi is
Referring to a little of this and a little of that
So it has a little bit of movement
So you have on joints within your rib cage and your ribs can move a little bit as well as your vertebrae your Vertebrae move
Just a little bit in between each other as well
Die Arthritis joint smoove a lot. So you're all of those in your appendages are [died] Arthur attic joints
So your elbow your hip your shoulder even in between your fingers are diuretic joints
so
They are throw sees that are classified according to the degree of movement in other words according to their function, so now joint
Classification according to structure has to do is simply what it's made of so joints are either made of fibrous tissue cartilaginous tissue
or synovial
Capsules so um Fibrous joints are held together by fibers and fibers are pretty strong, so it turns out
Most Fibrous joints are also, sin Arthur [Otic] joints
So I can use the same example once again the bones of the skull are fibrous joints the cartilaginous joints
Because of a that cartilage is somewhat flexible they can move a little bit so again the cartilaginous joints are also
mostly
Amphi Arthur, [Otic] joints
So the pubic symphysis the rib cage
the Vertebrae they all have cartilage joining them and so they have a little bit of flexibility and
Finally the synovial joints about your recognizing the Pattern here the synovial joints
They have a joint capsule a cavity a lots of space Bones can move within
spaces, so that makes it so they move a lot right so the
Synovial joints are also
typically died Arthur addict joints
So in our knee and in our hip and in our wrists and elbows and all of those appendage joints
so the Fibrous joint
I'll give you another example here is one between the tibia and the fibula so you can see this
strong Ligament, band
Ligaments hold all bones together right so you can see that band to me it reminds me of stitching
So it stitches it really tightly so these fibrous joints like the sutures are thin arthur [otic] which means what that?
They can't move right um
So another example you have syndesmosis and gumbo sees and these terms aren't going to show up on my test
But I like to give you a little bit of extra information
so syndesmosis
That is the name of this joint between the tibia and fibula and then gum fuzzies
That's the ones in your gum holding your teeth n. So I do want you to know the board sin Arthur [otic] meaning
No, movement, and I want you to know the term Fibrous joint meaning
They're held together by fibers, and I would like you to know some examples
But you don't have to know the term gumbo Seas or syndesmosis
So this cartilaginous joint in our most recent lecture we talked about the pubic symphysis
So that cartilage joint between the as Kakva
so
That would be an example of a cartilaginous joint some are sent erotic
The majority are Amphi Arthur addict you also have those disks in between your Vertebrae?
So that provides your vertebrae with a little bit of movement as [well]
So the synovial joints we have six different synovial joints will talk about um
We're going to talk about the synovial joint structure in a separate mini lecture for now
We're just going to name these joints give examples and describe what type of movement they provide?
So I have had this as a free response question before my test
So you can start planning out your answer the gliding Joint is found in your wrist the pivot joint
We talked about our atlas pivoting on our axis
The Saddle Joint is an interesting joint because it's only found in one place in your thumb
or your Pollux the condyloid joint and
is
found in
The knuckles of the hand for example and the ball and socket Joint is one of the ones
We're most familiar with I feel the shoulder and hip and then you have the hinge joint as well
so you can see these pictures showing the ball-And-socket joint and
You can see the hinge joint here
And we'll talk about each one of these separate so here's the gliding joint also called the planar Joint or Planner joint um
So most commonly we talk about this in the wrists and ankles and when I say in the wrist
I mean between the wrist bones not between the forearm and the wrist
Okay, so that can be a tricky thing when I'm talking about gliding your wrist bones those eight wrist bones carpals
They slide over one another
So that's what you see in this picture here
So this is true in the foot as [well] in your ankle bones
The saddle Joint like I said is only found in the thumb
And it provides up down in side to side motion go ahead give it a try see if you can provide any other emotions
So the saddle Joint is only found between the pollack's and the carpals
The Condyloid Joint Condyloid is found
In the wrist now this time between the wrist and the forearm bones right so between that
radius and the carpals
provides see here provides a
Condyloid joint which is similar to the saddle and that allows up down in side to side motion again
Give it a try. Can you move your hand to any other way also?
Here in your knuckles, so not in between each phalanges
but here between the metacarpals and
The phalanges, so you have the convex end of one fitting into the concave end of another?
The hinge Joint is another one that we're quite familiar with I feel it's in our elbow in an army notice here
It acts like a door hinge, so it allows movement in a single plane
so this allows
Reflection which means the Decrease Editon [engl] and the extension which is increase at an angle?
People misuse the term flexion they say flex your muscles [your] contracting your muscles your flex being the joint when you cause it to be
smaller
The pivot Joint we talked about two different pivot joints already because we've already named all our bones
So we talked about the rotation of the atlas on top of the axis that allows us to say no
Hoe and then also we showed how we can supinate or palmate our hand
Turning it upwards is the supination and that happens because the radius
Pivots around the Alma they all know stays stable
the [Ball-And-socket]
Joint is another joint that we're pretty familiar with
We talked about this one in an earlier lecture when we talked about the articular surface of the epiphanies
so we talked about the head of the femur or the head of the humerus we talked about the
acidum of the pelvis or the Glenoid Fossa of the Scapula
So you have a ball-shaped um?
Head fitting into a cup type of socket and so that creates the ball and socket joint which allows the greatest degree
Of movement because you can move it all around in a circle
So that's all I have short and sweet
We named three different classifications according to function
Diotrophes center throws fees and am Pharisees you should be able to describe those and match those with examples
We also named three different structural classifications. We talked about fibrous
cartilaginous and synovial and again
you [should] be able to describe each of those categories as well as match it to common examples and maybe even
In a free response talk about this six different
Synovial joints, so that's all I have for you today. Thanks for listening