hello everyone how are you today this is Marc I'm doing great thanks for asking
I have a very interesting lesson today if a statement is too complicated to be
expressed in one Clause we need to put many clauses together to make one
sentence there are two ways in which we can do this let's take a look at the
first way we use one clause as a main clause and then add other clauses to
convey subordinate meanings now what doI mean by subordinate subordinate means
secondary secondary meaning so second in importance let's take a look at my first
example he assisted the lady because he felt she needed his help so the main
clause here is highlighted in red he assisted the lady so this is the main
clause and then we have because that I will get to that in a minute he felt she
needed his help this is a subordinate meaning so this is secondary in
importance let's take a look at a second example
they arrived at the station that was far away from downtown so the main clause
here is they arrived at the station so if we take out the rest this makes sense
right they arrived at the station now the subordinate meaning or the
subordinate part of the sentence is was far away from downtown this is extra in
the sentence let's take a look at the second usage we can link clauses
together so the example Mary is a good student so she deserves a good grade so
these are two clauses linked by a conjunction I'm going to get to
to that in a minute the second example I arrived home and I got undressed to take
a shower to take or to have a shower in British English when we put two clauses
together we need to use conjunctions like so and that because however there
are three kinds of conjunctions subordinating coordinating and
correlative there is a lesson not just one lesson but three lessons on
subordinating coordinating and correlative conjunctions if you want to
watch those lessons you may click here now a clause which begins with a
subordinate conjunction after if when as etc is called a subordinate clause and
I'm going to give you two examples let me erase this first okay so here we have
the examples when you see her say hello for me
so the subordinate clause is when you see her then say hello for me another
example if I had the money if I had the money I don't have the money but if I
had the money subordinate clause I'd buy that house
these are also examples of conditionals the first and the second and if you want
to watch a lesson on conditionals you may click here however there are three
kinds of subordinate clause relative clauses reported clauses and adverbial
clauses in this lesson I'm going to talk about adverbial clauses in this case
time classes because there are eight type of adverbial clauses so we have
manner clauses we have conditional clauses purpose reason result concessive
and place there 8 so many so the time clauses that we're going to talk about
in this lesson are when before as until after since and while when do we use them
they are used in order to establish when something happens by indicating a period
of time or another event it's better to look at the example to understand them
so she decided to take up a course at university when she finished college
so the adverbial clause in this case the time clause is when she finished college
so I repeat she decided to take up a course at university when she finished
college look at the tenses right here they're both in past simple they
follow the same tense let's look at the second example you cannot drink that
milk after its expiry date after its expiry date is the subordinate or the
adverbial clause time clause in this case you cannot drink that milk after
its expiry date remember one thing to remember about adverbial clauses or
time clauses pay attention when writing a story you need to use the same tense
past or present of the main clause like I did right here so the two examples I
gave you more examples in this lesson because it is quite complicated to
understand time clauses he was buying food when
I bumped into him so you can see he was buying food so this is past
he doesn't doesn't matter if it's past continuous and then the time clause when
I bumped into him is past simple so they're both however past another
example she looks after their children while they work abroad so the time
clause while they work abroad is in the present and the main clause is she looks
after children which is also present when using conditionals like here
obviously these are the exceptions and I gave you another example when they
arrive from Madrid I will show them around what type of conditional is this
yes It's the first conditional now I'm going to erase this and I'm going to
talk about other uses of time clauses so we're back I wanted to talk about other
points using time clauses so the most common conjunction in time clauses is WHEN
but if you don't want to use when there are expressions that you can use such as
the last time the next time and long before I have two examples for you the
next time I see her I'll tell her I like her so this is also what yes it's the
first conditional okay an example of a first conditional sentence let's take a
look at the second example long before he finishes his debate they'll have
left the meeting so you can see long before right here instead of when in the
time clause and then we have the main clause
now we can use when while once until or till followed by a prepositional phrase
or adjective so we have the example here I was reading about the hijack while on
the subway while you can see the conjunction and then the prepositional
phrase on the subway if you want to watch a lesson on prepositional phrases
you can click here the next example he burst into tears so he cried all of a
sudden once at the office once the conjunction and then the prepositional
phrase at the office remember though whenever wherever plus an adjective such
as necessary or possible just like my example and this is a suggestion for
you students whenever possible try to practise your English with someone it'll
definitely help you get better at it well that's it for today if you want to
make a comment a request or if you want to write your own example using the time
clauses you may do so under this video if you haven't subscribed to my channel
I suggest you do thank you very much for watching don't forget to share the
lesson if you liked it and see you next week with a new lesson grammar lesson
take care bye bye