A Canadian postal code is a six-character string that forms part of a postal address
in Canada. Like British and Dutch postcodes, Canada's postal codes are alphanumeric. They
are in the format A1A 1A1, where A is a letter and 1 is a digit, with a space separating
the third and fourth characters. As of January 2014, there are 845,990 postal codes using
Forward Sortation Areas from A0A in Newfoundland to Y1A in Yukon.
Canada Post provides a free postal code look-up tool on its website, via its applications
for such smartphones as the iPhone and BlackBerry, and sells hard-copy directories and CD-ROMs.
Many vendors also sell validation tools, which allow customers to properly match addresses
and postal codes. Hard-copy directories can also be consulted in all post offices, and
some libraries.
History City postal zones
Numbered postal zones were first used in Toronto in 1925 and arrived in other Canadian cities
by the 1940s. Mail to a Toronto address in zone 5 would be addressed in this format:
Firstname Lastname 9999 Streetname Avenue
Toronto 5, Ontario As of 1943, the City of Toronto was divided
into 14 zones, numbered from 1 to 15, except that 7 and 11 were unused, and there was a
2B zone. In the late 1960s, the Post Office began implementing
a three-digit zone number scheme in major cities to replace existing one- and two-digit
zone numbers. For example, zones numbered from 100 to 799 were assigned throughout Metropolitan
Toronto, with a goal of sorting mail addresses into smaller districts. Toronto's renumbering
took effect 1 May 1969, accompanied by an advertising campaign under the slogan "Your
number is up". The system was introduced during 1968 in Calgary, Edmonton, Hamilton, Montreal,
and Windsor. Besides Toronto, the system was to have expanded in 1969 to London, Ottawa,
Quebec City, and Vancouver. With impending plans for a national postal
code system, Postmaster General Eric Kierans announced that the Post Office would begin
cancelling the new three-digit city zone system. Companies changed their mail addressing at
their own expense, only to find the new zoning would prove to be short-lived.
Planning As the largest Canadian cities were growing
in the 1950s and 1960s, the volumes of mail passing through the country's postal system
also grew, reaching billions by the 1950s, and tens of billions by the mid-1960s. Consequently,
it was becoming progressively more difficult for employees who handsorted mail to memorize
and keep track of all the individual letter-carrier routes within each city. New technology that
allowed mail to be delivered faster also contributed to the pressure for these employees to properly
sort the mail. Canada was one of the last Western countries to get a nationwide postal
code system. A report tabled in the House of Commons in 1969 dealt with the expected
impact of "environmental change" on the Post Office operations over the following 25 years.
A key recommendation was the "establishment of a task force to determine the nature of
the automation and mechanization the Post Office should adopt, which might include design
of a postal code". Implementation
In February 1970, Communications Minister Eric Kierans announced that a six-character
postal code would be introduced, beginning with a test in the City of Ottawa on 1 April
1971 led by John E.J. Carisse, Canada's first Postal Code Officer. Coding of Ottawa was
followed by a provincial-level rollout of the system in Manitoba, and the system was
gradually implemented in the rest of the country from 1972 to 1974. The rollout was marked
by a large advertising campaign, costing approximately C$545,000.
The introduction of such a code system allowed Canada Post to speed up easily, as well as
simplify, the flow of mail in the country. However, when the automated sorting system
was initially conceived, the Canadian Union of Postal Workers and other relevant unions
objected to it, mainly because the wages of those who ran the new automated machines were
much lower than those who had hand-sorted mail. The unions ended up staging job action
and public information campaigns, with the message that they did not want people and
business to use postal codes on their mail. 20 March 1974 was declared "boycott the postal
code day" and the union promised that letters without postal codes would be given preferential
service. Eventually the unions started being compensated once the automated system was
put into use and eventually generating significant revenue for Canada Post. The boycott was called
off in February 1976. One 1975 Toronto ad generated controversy
by showing a man writing a postal code on the bottom of a thonged woman with the ditty
We're not 'stringing' you along/Use postal codes—you'll 'thing our 'thong'/Don't be
cheeky—you've all got 'em/Please include them on the bottom. The ad ran only once before
being accused of sexism by NDP MP John Rodriguez. Postmaster General Bryce Mackasey later apologized
for it. Components of a postal code
Forward sortation areas A forward sortation area is a geographical
region in which all postal codes start with the same three characters. The first letter
of an FSA code denotes a particular "postal district", which, outside of Quebec and Ontario,
corresponds to an entire province or territory. Owing to Quebec's and Ontario's large populations,
those two provinces have three and five postal districts respectively, and each has at least
one urban area so populous that it has a dedicated postal district. On the other hand, the low
populations in Nunavut and the Northwest Territories mean that even after Nunavut separated from
the Northwest Territories and became its own territory in 1999, they continue to share
a postal district. The digit specifies if the FSA is urban or rural. A zero indicates
a wide-area rural region, while all other digits indicate urban areas. The second letter
represents a specific rural region, an entire medium-sized city, or a section of a major
metropolitan area.
A directory of FSAs is provided, divided into separate articles by postal district. Individual
FSA lists are in a tabular format, with the numbers going across the table and the second
letter going down the table. The FSA lists specify all communities covered by each rural
FSA. Medium-sized cities may have one dedicated FSA, while larger cities have more than one
FSA within their limits. For FSAs spanning more than one city, the city which is allocated
the most codes in each such FSA is listed. For cities with a small number of FSAs, the
lists specify the relative location of each FSA in those cities. For cities with a large
number of FSAs, applicable neighbourhoods and boroughs are specified.
Local delivery units The last three characters denote a local delivery
unit. An LDU denotes a specific single address or range of addresses, which can correspond
to an entire small town, a significant part of a medium-sized town, a single side of a
city block in larger cities, a single large building or a portion of a very large one,
a single institution such as a university or a hospital, or a business that receives
large volumes of mail on a regular basis. LDUs ending in zero correspond to postal facilities,
from post offices and small franchised retail postal outlets all the way up to sortation
plants. In urban areas, LDUs may be specific postal carriers' routes. In rural areas where
direct door-to-door delivery is not available, an LDU can describe a set of post office boxes
or a rural route. LDU 9Z9 is used exclusively for Business Reply Mail. In rural FSAs, the
first two characters are usually assigned in alphanumerical order by the name of each
community. LDU 9Z0 refers to large regional distribution
centre facilities, and is also used as a placeholder, appearing in some regional postmarks such
as the "K0H 9Z0" on purely local mail within the Kingston, Ontario area.
Number of possible postal codes Postal codes do not include the letters D,
F, I, O, Q or U, and the first position also does not make use of the letters W or Z. This
means the maximum number of FSAs available is 3,600. With 2,000 possible LDUs in each
FSA, there is a theoretical limit of 7.2 million postal codes. The practical limit is a bit
lower, as Canada Post reserves some FSAs for special functions, such as for test or promotional
purposes, as well as for sorting mail bound for destinations outside Canada. The current
Statistics Canada estimate of over 830,000 active postal codes represents about 12% of
the entire postal code "space", leaving more than ample room for expansion.
Urbanization Urbanization is the name Canada Post uses
to refer to the process where it replaces a rural postal code with urban postal codes.
The vacated rural postal code can then be assigned to another community or retired.
Canada Post decides when to urbanize a certain community when its population reaches a certain
level, though different factors may also be involved. For example, in early 2008, the
postal code G0N 3M0 was urbanized to postal codes beginning with G3N to remove ambiguities
and confusions caused by similar street names. Unique among province-wide districts, New
Brunswick is completely urbanized, its rural codes having been phased out.
Santa Claus In 1974, staff at Canada Post's Montreal office
were noticing a considerable number of letters addressed to Santa Claus entering the postal
system, and those letters were being treated as undeliverable. Since employees handling
those letters did not want the writers, mostly young children, to be disappointed at the
lack of response, they started answering the letters themselves. The amount of mail sent
to Santa Claus increased every Christmas, up to the point that Canada Post established
an official Santa Claus letter-response program in 1983. Approximately one million letters
are addressed to Santa Claus each Christmas, including some originating outside of Canada,
and all of them are answered in the same language in which they are written. Canada Post introduced
a special address for mail to Santa Claus, complete with its own postal code:
SANTA CLAUS NORTH POLE H0H 0H0
CANADA In French, Santa's name Père Noël translates
as "Father Christmas", addressed as: PÈRE NOËL
PÔLE NORD H0H 0H0 CANADA
The postal code H0H 0H0 was chosen for this special seasonal use as it reads as "Ho ho
ho". The H0- prefix is an anomaly: the 0 indicates
a very small, rural village, but H is used to designate Montreal, the second-largest
city in Canada. As such, the H0- prefix is almost completely empty, with one exception:
H0M, assigned to the international Akwesasne tribal reserve on the Canada-US border, is
the only other H0- postal code in active use. Transition points to the Canadian Forces Postal
Service For transition of mail from the civilian to
the Canadian Forces Postal Service, the postal codes of the three corresponding military
post offices on Canadian soil are used. These being, depending upon the final destination.
the Fleet Mail Offices in Victoria, BC: V9A 7N2
FMO in Halifax, NS: B3K 5X5 the Canadian Forces Post Office in Belleville,
ON: K8N 5W6 These postal codes each represent a number
of military post offices abroad, which are specified not by postal code but by CFPO or
FMO number. The LDUs in this case corresponding not so much to a physical as to a virtual
delivery unit since mail is not delivered locally but is forwarded to the actual delivery
units at Canadian military bases and ships abroad.
Name Slot #
PO Box 5053 Stn Forces Belleville ON K8N 5W6
CANADA In this example, Canada Post will deliver
to the CFPO at Belleville and the Canadian Forces Postal System will continue transport
to the addressee at CFPO 5053 by whatever means and timing the military will deem appropriate.
Alternate uses Postal codes can be correlated with databased
information from censuses or health registries to create a geographic profile of an area's
population. For instance, postal codes have been used to compare children's risk of developing
cancer and to describe a neighbourhood's entrenched poverty.
As Canadian electoral districts frequently follow postal code areas, citizens can identify
their local elected representative using their postal code. Provincial and federal government
websites offer an online "look-up" feature based on postal codes. Although A1A 1A1 is
sometimes displayed as a generic code for this purpose, it is actually a genuine postal
code in use in the Lower Battery, St. John's Harbour, Newfoundland. Another common "example"
code in Canada Post materials, K1A 0B1, is the valid code for the Canada Post office
building in Ottawa. See also
Canadian postal abbreviations for provinces and territories
Geocoding List of postal codes in Canada
References
External links Canada Post
Householder Counts and Maps National Presortation Schematic: Includes
monthly bulletin detailing postal code changes
Postal Code Lookup Canada Forward Sortation Area Map: Postal
code break down. Doug Ewell's page explaining Canadian Postal
Codes Postal Districts as of 1925