Scientists have found a brand new bouncing baby planet that's been baptized a b or guy b weighing
in at nine times the size of our neighboring big boy Jupiter the new cosmic bodies already
smashing dogma about how gas giants are formed using the Hubble Space Telescope and the Subaru
at the peak of a Hawaiian volcano scientists are trying to learn the new recipe for the birth
of a titan planet welcome back to Factnomenal and let's explore this tantalizing new world together
taking a peek at this solar family requires solid teamwork between powerful and carefully
placed telescopes one is in orbit the hubble space telescope and the other is the Subaru
coronagraphic extreme adaptive optics otherwise known as the subaru telescope it's installed on
top of a dormant volcano in hawaii called mauna kea positioned at an altitude of 4139 meters
above sea level the dormant volcano covers about a quarter of the big island of hawaii and is the
home to a variety of telescopes from various countries mauna kea is the ideal spot for these
telescopes because it's above the cloud line and offers an amazing view of our night skies
not only that but it also helps to block out the light from the local cities and allows for much
clearer pictures of the cosmos both the hubble and the subaru telescopes have been exploring
our night sky for decades and it brought new and astounding insights to the scientific community
using these two influential devices scientists were able to observe
a new embryonic protoplanet located 531 light years away from our sun
a b or guy b is just one of the thousands of protoplanets that have been discovered in
recent years but it's standing out and making an impact due to the unique way it's forming
a b or guy b's young mother star a b or guy or a b hour happens to be 2.4 times larger than our sun
and is easily 60 times brighter it also clocks in at a youthful 2 million years old a baby compared
to our longer-lived four and a half billion year old son a b or guy b is considered to be a gas
giant and is orbiting unusually far from its young host star at a distance of two times
further than pluto to our sun the term gas giants was coined in 1952 by james blish a
science fiction writer he used it to reference all of the giant planets in our solar system namely
jupiter neptune saturn and uranus because well they're made mostly of gas and they're really big
the planets in our solar system were formed as far as we know in the usual way like a snowball
rolling down a hill they developed after a long time of orbiting their host star our sun
over time they began accumulating materials such as dust boulders ice and debris into one spot
as it all began to collect and pull together it began to form a core over millions of years this
core increased the gravitational pull around the debris and the gravity of the material attracted
hydrogen and helium gases to wrap around the core having hydrogen and helium collect is even more
likely when the star system is young like the 2 million year old host star a b aura guy is as
there are copious amounts of these gases available to wrap around the new core as the gases form an
envelope around the planet the pressure builds up so much it turns the solid material into liquefied
gases which are now under intense pressure this creates a dynamic core to the planet
and the gases make up the atmosphere thus the resulting form is what we would call a gas giant
the largest gas giants form outside of the snow line which is the point of distance away from
the mother star that the materials such as water methane co2 and ammonia form into solid particles
the core that's forming sweeps up much more material because of this phenomenon and results in
much larger cores and thus massive planets normally gas giants form after a long time of
orbiting their host star but our new baby planet is doing things rather differently
the protoplanetary disk is the material that orbits the host star and is used to make up
cores of new planets so the composition of debris and gases can influence the growth of the planet
in different ways as we mentioned earlier a b orgy b is already nine times jupiter's
mass and is located in the equally massive protoplanetary disk that's orbiting its host star
a b org ib is utilizing a volatile and revolutionary phenomenon called disk instability
disk instability is what happens when a large bundle of gases that are within the surrounding
rings of a host star collapses into itself and forms a gas giant the collapse of gases
accelerates the development process and results in birthing a new planet in far
less time than thought scientists have long accepted core accretion as the origin
process of our terrestrial planets such as earth and mars it took time and developed
solid and diverse planets alternatively disk instability as a form of creation was long debated
but was never fully accepted as more than a theory with these astounding results that theory is now
becoming widely acknowledged the new revelation brings with it instability to accepted beliefs
the hubble and subaru telescopes have translated so much information from space back to earth
because of the amazing location up on the volcano mauna kea the team at the observatory
in hawaii is hoping to build a groundbreaking 30 meter telescope or tmt but even with the
best intentions there are earthly impacts that can affect scientific progress on our planet
unfortunately since the start of the new tmt project there have been protests about the
construction of another telescope these protests are due to the controversial
proposed location of the tmt it would also be erected on mauna kea right beside its brother
the subaru telescope which is an extremely sacred spot for locals fame curry an astrophysicist and
researcher at the subaru telescope shares in an interview about the amazing things that the tmt
could accomplish for science well in terms of uh in terms of the kind of science you
can do you know we will be able to peer back to the beginnings of time we'll be able to
see smaller and smaller planets perhaps even those that are comparable to the earth at least in terms
of um location sorry in terms of composition uh that that kind of exciting science is possible
he also points out in the same interview the importance of all voices being heard
and supported through this conflict acknowledging the sacredness of mauna kea to locals as well as
its importance to the astronomical community as communication between the scientists and
protesters began to develop the engineers continue to work on the inner parts of the telescope
such as its primary mirror of which there will be about 490 with each weighing in at a whopping
550 pounds there's a proposed light up year of 2027 but with all the delays
that date may need to be bumped back but until then the work will continue as much as it can
fame curry stated that nature is clever it can produce planets in a range of different ways
referring to the unique formation of a b or guy b curry is signifying that there are many more
beautiful and intriguing secrets that the universe is still holding from us this new discovery is
a reality that's been thoroughly debated by exploring embryonic exoplanets scientists get
the chance to test the theories against developing star systems exoplanets are considered any planet
that's part of a solar system outside of our own you could compare creating a planet to cooking
the same way you can change out ingredients for a meal you can also change the cooking method
in this case it seems like nature found a shortcut to its own recipe taking something that usually
takes multiple millions of years and making it happen in far less time thank you for joining us
to explore these newly developing planets let us know down below what new telescopes you're
keeping an eye on and while you're at it don't forget to poke that like button and subscribe
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