Hi and welcome back to Love English today's lesson conditionals, mixed conditionals! so before we get
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co dot www.loveenglish.com right conditionals
mixed conditionals let's make this easy and learn some advanced grammar
so let's make it simple a nice easy example of a mixed conditional if you hadn't subscribed to
love english you wouldn't be watching this lesson now so we are of course talking about hypothetical
situations that is a great example of mixed third and second conditional let's just remind ourselves
of the second and third conditional let's break them down and understand the grammar and the
context in which we use them second conditional refers to situations in the present or future
that are hypothetical they are unreal and they are unlikely to happen for example if i won the
lottery i would be very rich now i would love to win the lottery but the chances of me winning it
are pretty slim it's possible but not probable if i were a cat i would sleep all day now i'd love to
be a cat again but i'm not and that's never gonna happen that is a present unreal situation now with
third conditional we are referring to the past we use it to imagine a different past situation
and past result for example if i hadn't met sabra i wouldn't have started this youtube
channel so you can see quite clearly that these situations are all hypothetical they are unreal
but with second and third pure second and pure third we are referring to one specific time frame
when we start to mix these up it gets a little bit more confusing but as long as you think about what
time period you are referring to whether you're talking about the past mixed with the future or
the past mixed with the present then you might actually get your head around this so let's have
a look at some really nice examples of mixed conditionals remember the most common forms are
third and second and second and third but rather than say third and second and second and third
why don't we think about them in terms of the time frame that they are referring to the time period
so throughout this lesson we're going to use a color code green clauses will basically represent
the present unreal situation or result essentially the second conditional if plus subject plus past
simple or subject plus would plus the infinitive verb read clauses will be referring to the past
unreal situation or result essentially third conditional this could be if plus
subject plus past perfect or the results subject plus would have plus past participle
then we'll be using purple where we refer to the future unreal so second conditional
in this case we'll be using the structure if plus subject plus past continuous
pay attention to that it will come up later in the lesson plus subject would be and the ing form so
it gets a little bit complicated here guys but essentially we are slightly changing second
conditional so that we are actually using an ing verb in both clauses if plus subject
plus past continuous will help us refer to the future and subject plus would
be plus verb ing will actually help us refer to the future as well we could also use
be going to so pay attention for this more complicated structure at the end now my theory is
the more examples i give you the clearer it will become and of course make sure that you do have
a go at making some of these mixed conditionals yourself referring to your life make it personal
give me some examples of a situation in the past that had a present result or a future result
or if a situation were different now how would that have affected you in the past wow i think i'm
getting ahead of myself here let's have a look at some examples right quite simply third conditional
mixed with second conditional or past unreal mixed with present unreal so as an example if i'd paid
more attention in school and studied english i would have better job opportunities right now
if i'd have paid attention in school and studied more english i would have i'd have better job
opportunities right now if she'd been born in the uk she wouldn't need a visa if she had been
born in the uk then she wouldn't need a visa so i want you to complete this sentence for me down
in the comments section imagine how your life might be different if you had been born in the uk
comment below and share your idea right sticking with past at the beginning third conditional
but mixing it up and actually referring to the future so remember these color codes to help you
if i'd got the job i wouldn't be leaving tomorrow if i'd got the job i wouldn't be leaving tomorrow
if she hadn't wasted her money she'd be coming with us on holiday next week if she hadn't wasted
her money she'd be coming on holiday with us next week if she'd signed up for the school trip
she'd be coming with us if she'd signed up for the school trip she'd be coming with us so there we go
third and second referring to actually more of a future situation that would have been different if
you'd made another decision in the past or another choice so another example for you
to try and complete a conditional in this form remember you can use would plus b plus ing using
basically the present continuous to talk about the future plan you could also use be going to
let's try it be going too okay if i hadn't spent all my money last week i'd be going to
spain next week if i hadn't spent all my money last week i'd be going to spain next week
so where would you be going if you hadn't spent all your money let's imagine hypothetically that
you spent all your money last week on clothes something sabre and i are often guilty of what
would you be doing with that money in the future comment below and share your mix conditional
so let's mix this up again let's start with the present unreal situation with a past result
okay bear with me we need an example for this if i were rich and this is a great one this is the one
i want you to use with your own example down in the comments section if i were rich referring to
the present situation now it's unreal i'm not rich what would i have done in the past if i were rich
i would have bought that car if i were rich i would have booked business class when i was flying
so thinking about your situation now how that could affected you in the past another example
if i spoke fluent italian i would have applied for that job if i spoke fluent italian i would
have applied for that job i would have applied in the past i don't now it's not true it's not
the present situation that i speak fluent italian my italian's pretty poor actually but i'm thinking
that if i did if i could right now if i could speak if i spoke italian i would have applied for
a job in the past now just because i think it's worth mentioning would have applied would have
would have try using that very natural contraction when you speak it is so important in english that
you do contract many of these of course pronouns with auxiliary verbs but also these modals with
the auxiliary verb so would have would have applied would have gone would have done would
have had and it is not word of it can obviously sound like that when pronounced quite quickly and
it's a grammar mistake that many native english speakers make and if you do want to improve
your pronunciation in this area contractions with modal verbs then click the link to my lesson above
if i didn't have so much work to do i would have gone to the party if i didn't have so
much work to do i would have gone to the party so there we have it ready for your practice
if i were rich i would have bought i would have done i would have gone what would have
been different in the past if you were rich now right let's think about the future and the past
starting with referring to the future in basically the second conditional type two the unreal future
and thinking about how this could have an effect on the past the third past unreal conditional
let's have a look at some examples if i weren't going on my business trip next week
i would definitely have helped you if i weren't going on my business trip next week
i would definitely have helped you if my parents weren't coming to stay i would
have gone out last night and had more fun but i've got to clean the house it's a mess
if i weren't working next week i definitely would have gone on holiday with you so many
of us are indeed working next week think about a decision that you would have made in the past
if you weren't working so if i weren't working next week i would have i would have would have
i would have what would you have done would you have planned a holiday if you could would you have
decided to do nothing and stay home and relax if i weren't working next week i would have
i would have gone on holiday with you as some extra practice check out the comments section
below i'll put an exercise for you just to get that little bit of extra practice so that you do
understand conditionals perfectly and of course why not check out some of my conditional lessons
there's a few retro ones there and as well a more recent one looking at all the conditionals
a complete review of pure conditionals zero first second and third that's right there are four
today we have just looked at a few ways that you can mix those conditionals up and of course
the pronunciation that you also need to include make sure you contract those modal verbs and your
pronouns with the auxiliary verb you will sound so much more natural now remember if you weren't
subscribed to love english you wouldn't have just watched that lesson thanks for watching bye