Now that we've done a series of videos
on America's interventions during the Cold War
in Korea, and Cuba, and Vietnam, I
thought it would be fun just to think a little bit
about whether there are any patterns here.
And once again, in all of these history videos,
you have to take anything I say--
or really anything anyone says about history--
with a grain of salt even when it comes to the facts.
Obviously, the facts can only be written
by the people who survive.
Who knows what might have gone on behind scenes that never
got documented by the historians.
So you have to take everything with a grain of salt.
And even in this video, I'll talk about,
maybe, some patterns, or some themes, that I've seen,
don't take that as just the truth.
Think about it for yourself, if it makes sense, it makes sense.
If it doesn't, try to look into it more,
and try to come up with your own themes, or your patterns,
or things that you can learn from.
So the general pattern across all of these,
is that before the US got involved,
and before a communist-leaning regime got involved,
these were all, in some ways, subjugated populations.
In Korea, it was subjugated by the Japanese.
It was a Japanese colony.
In Cuba, it was subjugated by the Batista government.
And this was a dictatorship, a corrupt dictatorship,
and it was heavily influenced by the United States.
You could almost view it as United States influence,
a United States colony, they had so much influence with Batista.
And in the case of Vietnam, it was a French colony.
So you can imagine, in all of these situations
the existing rulers were not that popular.
People were looking for rulers who could liberate them
from the messes they were in inside of that.
On top of that-- and this comes to the whole discussion
of capitalism versus communism-- you
can imagine that when you are colonized,
or when you are in a corrupt regime,
you do have people accruing wealth.
So there are people accruing wealth, some of whom
will get it without being that legitimate.
And so these circles are the size
of different people's wealth.
So you can imagine, in Korea under Japanese rule,
maybe there were a few people who
were successful by being legitimate entrepreneurs,
but there were probably a whole bunch
of people who were successful by just, kind of,
sucking up to the colonial powers,
in the case of a corrupt regime, doing things
that were corrupt with the regime,
using the regime it to get undue power in a certain market,
and it's always a combination.
In any of these countries, there were probably
some entrepreneurs and some other people
who got wealth, maybe, with good means,
and then some other people, who under these regimes
got wealth under questionable means,
maybe because they sucked up to the corrupt regime.
Or maybe, they even did outright criminal activity,
which was probably the case in the Batista regime.
You probably did have people who were just
outright criminals doing very well for themselves.
Same thing in Vietnam.
Some of the Vietnamese who really were aligned
with the French, probably got extra favors,
and so their wealth wasn't necessarily due to innovation
or competence, but really just where
they fit into the political order.
Maybe some other people did have legitimate wealth.
So you imagine, when any of these type of situations
start to emerge from subjugation-- so you start
having independence movements in all of these situations.
You could imagine it's a very popular notion to run on,
and depending on how true it is.
But it's a very popular notion to run on,
to tell people, look, you've seen all of these people who've
gotten questionable wealth, and maybe,
some of these people who got questionable wealth got it
by being aligned with our subjugators, by being,
to some degree, traitors to our people.
And once again, maybe not all the people, but you
could see how it's a popular line for someone coming
to power when you're emerging from independent--
or emerging into independence-- to say, why don't we
redistribute wealth?
Why don't we take the wealth from this person
right here, who got it in questionable means,
and redistribute it to the rest of the society?
Why don't we take it from this person over here
and redistribute it to the rest of society?
Why don't we do that with this person
here and redistribute that wealth to the rest of society?
And if you're looking for a political ideology that
seems to fit with this idea of trying to correct things that
maybe looked wrong during the colonial
or the subjugated rule, communism seems to fit that.
It's kind of a redistributing of wealth,
or maybe the state takes over all wealth,
or maybe it's something in between where it's socialist,
where the state is redistributing wealth fairly
aggressively, but you still have,
kind of, the underpinnings of capitalism.
And so you could imagine that communism-- especially
to a population where you have many, many, many poor people,
the wealth concentrated in a few people, many of them who
are aligned with the old regimes-- communism at least
seems like a popular notion.
And you have people who ride this nationalistic communistic
feeling.
In the case of Cuba, you have people like Fidel Castro.
In Vietnam you have people like Ho Chi Minh.
And then Korea is a little bit different,
because you did have a communist nationalist independence
movement, but Kim Il-Sung wasn't necessarily
the leader of that movement.
The Soviets actually didn't want any of those people in charge,
any of the nationalist communists,
the leaders of those movements.
They kind of marginalized them, and installed Kim Il-Sung
probably because he was more aligned with them,
but he was communist.
Now the reality is, these guys come in
under these very egalitarian, equality for all,
let's get retribution for the wrongs that
were done to us before, but probably all of them
start to not just redistribute wealth from people
who might have gotten it in bad ways,
but they're also just redistributing wealth
generally, maybe because it's just a popular thing to do,
or maybe because these people didn't give them
proper support.
So they're getting retribution on their political enemies,
as opposed to just kind of doing it for social good.
So they might do it from people who have legitimate wealth,
and so those people aren't too happy about it.
And they ride this kind of communist egalitarian movement
to install themselves.
And instead of just being a purely Marxist state,
they want to be more Marxist-Leninist,
where you have this Communist Party that
has this continuous revolution, which
is a justification for them to never hold real elections
and always stay in power.
So by no means is this a rationale
why these people are legitimate.
But what happened in every one of these cases
is that the United States was in the middle of the Cold War,
they feared the spread of communism.
Communism tended to correlate with a non-free state.
It doesn't have to be that way, but every time communism
was implemented, it also was these kind
of authoritarian rule, no democracy.
And you could also imagine, there
were many capitalists in the United States, who
for their own selfish reasons, were afraid of capitalism
spreading to the United States, because maybe their wealth
would be redistributed.
But regardless of what the justification, whether it
was a more noble wanting people to have freedom of expression,
freedom to own property, or whether it
was the more selfish, that hey, we
don't want our own wealth to be somehow taken away,
or it just might have been a balance of power
between the US and the Soviet Union,
that every time a country fell to communism it's somehow
the US losing some power in the world.
Regardless of the US's rationale,
they always say, OK, these guys are communist,
we're going to take the other side of the equation.
So the US ends up supporting Syngman Rhee
in South Korea, who we know was not
the best character in the world.
They end up supporting Diem in South Vietnam, who we also
know was not necessarily the most
savory person in the world.
In the case of Cuba, the US, at least-- they
did support Batista while he was in power,
but we saw in that video that Kennedy later came
out and said, you know Batista was a pretty bad dude,
and it was probably a big mistake for the US
to support him.
But the US goes on the other side,
and they support the exiles against Fidel Castro.
And here, the Cuban exiles they're not-- they
are definitely not in the category of Syngman Rhee
or Diem, and they probably favor democracy,
and overall, good people.
But what they probably did feed Kennedy
is a story that Fidel Castro wasn't as popular
as he actually was.
And he probably was more popular especially
after the revolution, because he had this egalitarian-- people
were getting over Batista, anybody but Batista they
would be happy about.
Fidel Castro was this charismatic leader
who was kind of working for the poor,
at least it looked like he was working for the poor.
So at least in the get go, especially the Kennedy
administration might have been fed
an overly optimistic view that got
them involved in the Bay of Pigs Invasion and all of that.
But this is just the general pattern
that happened every time.
And every time, it ended up in either a US defeat
or a stalemate.
Take whatever lessons there are from this,
but it is a kind of an interesting pattern that
had happened multiple times, pretty much every engagement
that we had during the Cold War.