Welcome Back Anatomy Students Today in Class We did A little Exploratory Activity?
Where you investigated the body Systems you looked for
Specific Organs That Were Related to each System and then
You Tried to Connect your system to somebody Else's System and You talked about how all the systems Interact
Today I'm going to be a little bit more explicit and identify the Specific organs I'm Looking for on A test
to be Related With each Body System and then as, well the
Major Functions You Should be able to Connect with each of Those systems so
The Integumentary System isn't one of the systems, We did in Class Today but it's Basically When
It's your outer Covering so it's your skin your hair your Nails if you
Were Bird it Would include Feathers if You were a horse it include hoofs but
We're Only Talking about the human Anatomy this whole semester so we'll Just Look at the skin hair and Nails the
Job of Any outer Layer
Is to protect and Cushion what's underneath so that Could be your whole skin
Or it Could be the outer layer of a muscle outer layer of a Bone
Any outer Coverings Job is Basically for Protection it might be Protecting you from Injury it might be Protecting you from Infection
So your
Skin is your first layer of Immunity and that it Keeps foreign Invaders from getting in and
I will also allow you to Help regulate your Temperature
You Shiver the muscles Underneath your your skin are going to produce Heat and
When you're too hot?
You Sweat that Perspiration it's not the liquid sweat that is Making you cool but it's the Process of Evaporation
So when the skin?
Or when This the liquid Turns from a liquid to a gas it has to use
The Heat Energy from your skin in Order to do that so it's actually the evaporation that cools you
You're also Going to release some
Salts and Urea so some Products May be that your Body Needs and Some that you don't need which is why
We'd Take in Electrolytes after Exercise
also it has A number of Sensory Receptors That Monitor your external Environment for Temperature Pain pressure and
Allows
Your skin to Talk to your brain and then Finally the really cool thing. Is that sun Stimulates your skin
to Produce
Vitamin D. How cool Is that We Produce Vitamins?
You might be Familiar With your skeletal system Because you, may have broken a bone before so
We're all going to have a Different level of
Understanding To Begin With The Skeletal System is our first full Chapter that We'll Cover and
It's made Up of Bones Cartilage and Ligaments Ligaments Hold Bones to Bones
The Job of The Skeletal System you Probably Can Guess Is just support your body like, we're Standing on our legs?
We know that our Bones Allow Us to do that it's?
Also a Framework for the attachment of Muscles so muscles Produce Movement by Pulling on Bone
Your Rib cage you know is protecting your Lungs in your heart some Major organs inside There so
Another Job of the Bones is to protect your internal organs
What Organ Does your Skull Protect?
your Brain
Another Job Is to store Minerals like Calcium We'll Talk About how the blood Calcium levels are
Regulated and if You Have too much Calcium it's Stored in your Bones and if you
Don't Have Enough Calcium like when you have Osteoporosis it's Stripped from your Bones and
Finally you hear Epo in The Sports World Epo is a Hormone
That Stimulates your Red Bone Marrow
Inside your Bones to Produce red Blood Cells so that's Where our Blood Comes from it Comes from our Bones
next Chapter What Cover is the muscular System and again We'll Have Varying levels of
Understanding You May Have Torn a muscle you may have strained a muscle Pulled a Muscle
You May Play Sports you May not Play Sports you May
Be in The Gym getting swole as I know our Boys like to say so it's made up of your Muscles and
also you have muscles lining your organs and your Blood vessels
So what it does is Obviously Produces Movement how Does it Produce Movement I already mentioned it Pulls on Bones
How Does it Pull on Bone by Shortening so this will be the bit First big Piece of Physiology
We cover is the Sliding Filament Theory?
Look at this Dude Any of You go that
Human Bodies Exhibit it's Kind of cool um Another Thing your your Muscles do is Produce heat so when They're
Contracting When They're Getting Smaller they're Changing Chemical Energy Into Two things?
Mechanical Injury Or I'm sorry mechanical energy and Heat energy
You Have Three types of Muscle tissue We'll Cover These in Detail when, We get to that Chapter not so much now but
They're Structurally Different and Just a little bit Different and Functionality but Mostly that's the Same
so you Have Cardiac tissue Found in your heart you have Smooth Muscle that's Found in your organs and you have
Skeletal Muscle That is attached to your Bones Which you typically think of as your Muscles the
Job of the Nervous System is to Monitor your Internal and external Environment
Decide What's going on and then Make Changes so what allows Us to do that We Have Lots of Sensory Receptors in all of our?
Organs and skin and then You Have Nerves That are leading to your Spinal Cord and then your Spinal Cord Goes to your brain
so you have Monitored um
Environment integrate Information and Then Carry out A response this is A
Fast-Acting Control System in That it allows for the Release of
Neurotransmitters A, chemical Messenger That Goes From Cell to cell
It's made Up of the Brain the Spinal Cord the Nerves and Sensory Receptors I kind of Mentioned that with this Picture
Its Job is to Monitor the Internal Environment for Changes in The external Can you think of Any external Changes that you Respond to
One Really Easy one is Thinking of the staff light We react When, We have A red light?
Or green light the Common Stereotypical example when you put your hand on A hot Stove and You Take it off
Another one I like to think of is when We when I was a kid Anyways the Teachers Would turn the lights Down and we'd?
Have to put our Head Down and Be Quiet and so that was a response to the Stimulus
Usually Students don't find
It too difficult to come up with external
Stimuli But Internal They're not as familiar with so do you have any Ideas of what an Internal Stimulus might be
Oh I'm Thirsty Let me Take it
Did You get that so the Internal Stimuli was Thirst and I responded by getting A
Drink so Obviously Hunger Is going to be an Internal Stimuli as
Well but A couple other ones Like your blood sugar levels you have Experienced when you get Lethargic or when you get hyperactive you have
Maybe Even Experienced Changes in your Blood Ph When your blood Ph is too acidic your Body Responds by
Speeding up your Breathing, I don't in Here your Blood is more Basic it
Slows everything Down
So that would be A couple examples of Internal Stimuli kind of similar to the
Nervous System in That it is using chemical Messengers to Talk
Between Body Parts Body Parts Is the Endocrine System the endocrine System
Is made up of your glands and Where do you have glands you have some in your brain you have your Pituitary Gland
You Have your Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland
in The Skeletal System I was Talking about the Calcium
Regulation so
These Two glands Are Responsible For that the Thymus Gland is Responsible for Making T cells Which are Related to your Immune System and
Then You Have the Pancreas Which is going to Make Things related to
The digestive System You Have your pineal Gland you have an Adrenal Gland sitting up here on Top of your Kidneys you've Heard of Adrenaline?
Before
And then you have Ovaries and Testes Which we talked about in Ninth grade
One of the Differences Between The Endocrine System and the Nervous System Is that the Nervous System
Is fast to Respond and the endocrine System Is slow it's slow to respond but it's
Response Has A longer Lasting Effect
So the integrins System is going to release Hormones They Travel Through the bloodstream so the Kidneys Release That Epo I mentioned Earlier that
Epo Travels to the Bone and The Bone Starts Creating Red Blood Cells When your Body Is low on oxygen
So it was Responding to a stimulus
The Endocrine System Is not a system will Cover in its Entire Detail We'll just Mention it as it relates to each of our Other
Systems Can You Think of Any Hormones We Covered in Ninth grade Biology?
During Sex
Testosterone estrogen
Progesterone Luteinizing Hormone all
Examples of Hormones I think Ever since Elementary School we've Been Learning About our Cardiovascular system so this one You Should be Really Familiar With
So i'm sure you know the heart Pumps Blood and the vessels Move Blood so These red Vessels are Typically
Arteries Because They're Carrying Oxygenated Blood
We show that in Red and Then These vessels over here are veins and They're
Deoxygenated so We Show that in Blue your blood Actually isn't blue um?
We won't Be doing the Cardiovascular system until second semester?
What are Those Vessels Carry They Carry Blood and what is your blood Carry it Carries Nutrients like Amino Acids and Glucose it
Also Carries Oxygen, We need that to create Energy Carries Those Hormones, We were Just Talking about look at
How all These Systems are Interconnected it, also is going to get Rid
of waste so it's going to Take things away from the body cells
Another Part that Is Kind of Related to the
Cardiovascular Because it's in The Blood are Those White blood cells and Those White blood cells Help Fight foreign Invaders so
Bacteria and Things That don't belong in your Body They're Going to eat them Up and
That Keeps Us from getting Sick When People Mention the Immune
System They're More Specifically Talking About the Lymphatic System so more Proper the Lymphatic System
Is made up of a number of Vessels Lymphatic vessels that Look Just like Blood vessels so we Say They are?
Complimentary to the Cardiovascular System
Because They're Going to run Parallel with One Another
Also in Our Lymphatic system, We have lymph nodes when you go to the Doctors they?
Palpate your Neck to See if your lymph Nodes Are swollen um you
Also have Lymph Nodes in your Armpits and you're Growing in your Stomach um also your spleen and tonsils Are Part of the Lymphatic system
So when I was a kid Everybody got Their tonsils out when they, were sick Hardly Anybody my age has tonsils but
With Science The More
We know we change things so we've learned that tonsils are Actually very Helpful in Fighting?
Infection so Now Kids
Don't get Their tonsils out so most of you and your classmates will Have your tonsils and Maybe four out of the whole Class
Had Their tonsils Removed
Why is it Running Complimentary With the Cardiovascular System Because your Blood vessels get, Leaky like your, Blood isn't Spewing out Or Anything but
Plasma Is Coming out of it Especially if You have an Injury so the job of the
Lymphatic Vessels is to return that Blood to the Heart and then it Gets Back Into the Bloodstream on
Another Thing That happens, as it's Taking that
Plasma Back to the Heart Notice it's Passing all these lymphatic Vessel lymph Nodes so
The Lymph Nodes House Those White blood Cells I just talked about Look at the Interconnection again um
And Those White blood cells then Gobble Up any foreign, Invaders that are in That
Plasma The don't Belong and so it helps you Keep
Due to the Common Colds and Allergies and Asthma A lot of us are Familiar
With our Respiratory Systems you guys Are Coming, Into This Year Already Knowing A ton of Information
So if you Can Connect to what you Already know that kind of Should Release your Stress
so the Respiratory System
We breathe Through your Nose or your Mouth and then it Travels Through Fairings that's A new word it Simply is your Throat?
From the Fairies We go
Into The Larynx Which is your Voice Box and your trachea Which is your Windpipe and Then These
Branches inside Are Cub Ronke I and then the Bronchi end in Alveoli and That's Where gas Exchange is actually taking Place
so all of This is inside of your lungs
Respiratory System very Simple its Job is to supply the body With oxygen Which
We need to Make energy and to remove Co2 Which is a byproduct of Respiration who doesn't love to eat Because
We do We have the digestive System the digestive System
Is made Up of the alimentary Canal that's A big word the Elementary Canal, Is made up of your Mouth and
your Pharynx Once Again Connected to the Respiratory System
YouR your Esophagus Which is your food Tube your Stomach where mechanical and Chemical Digestion occurs?
your Small Intestine and your large Intestine and Then that finishes in the Rectum
Associated With Digestion Is the liver and the gallbladder the liver Produces Bile Stored in The Gallbladder and Released Into the
Samanta Stein for Digestion
I'm not sure if I mentioned Pancreas before but the Pancreas Is making a number of Enzymes That are Needed
To Break Down Molecules so that's what the digestive System does is it Takes your food Breaks it Down Little by little Into
Individual Molecules so that They Can be absorbed Into your Bloodstream and Provide the rest of your body cells with Nutrients in
The Large Intestine
We're Going to reclaim Water so think A lot of the Foods that you're Eating have a lot of Water in Them Especially Fruits and
Then of Course
We're drinking Liquids that have Water in Them so
The Large Intestine Is going to Reclaim that put it Into the Bloodstream and that's going to kind of Pump up your blood volume I
Might Think This Is weird but the Urinary system is One of my Favorites and That's Because this is when
We get to Talk about Biochemistry and I'm a biology Major and a combiner so anytime I Can Combine Those Two together it awesome
So in Ninth grade We talked About this because it
Was pretty much next To our Reproductive System so the Kidneys The ureters the bladder and the Urethra
So it's, also called the excretory system Because it's getting Rid
Of waste Most of the waste it's getting Rid of our?
Nitrogenous Too much of This Nitrogenous waste Can be Toxic so We got to get Rid of it
And also this is where it Gets A
Little bit Trickier Maintains the Water and Salt Balance and what do I mean by water like in between each of your cells and Inside
of your Cells There's Water and
The Amount of Water and Salt and other solutes Determines Which Direction
Fluids Are Moving Ninth-Grade Osmosis
Also it Adds to your blood volume so if your blood pressure is too high you might have too much
Volume in your Blood and so it's going to help get Rid
Of That extra Liquid and vice Versa if your blood volume is low
It's going to reclaim Water Add it to your blood volume to bring up the pressure Kind of cool and then
We get, Into the really kemp's Chemistry Stop the Acid and Base Balance of your Blood so before I talked about how
Acid and base Can
Cause Us to Hyperventilate Or perhaps
Go, Into A coma so when your blood is too acidic all your system Speed up when it's too basic all your systems slow Down
So the Urinary System is going to play A key role by absorbing or?
Excreting Acids or Bases
Depending on Which Is needed and the last system is the reproductive System again this isn't a system I'm Going to cover in Class
Because We Already did it in Ninth grade so we don't need to do it again?
We will however Cover it when We do our Dissection of The fetal Pig at the end of the Year and?
Then You're Gonna See that the inside of the female pig and the inside of the Male pig
Structurally Are very Similar and it's Easy to Confuse
One for the other so that's so cool to know that we're Really so much Alike?
So Males we've Talked about This in Ninth grade
Made Up of the Scrotum the Testes the whole Duct system Which is Really
Referring to like the Best deferens and all of the little Tubes Connected To it the and of Course the Penis um the Female
We have the Ovaries Which are Analogous to the Testes We have the Fallopian Tubes?
Analogous to the vas deferens, We have the Uterus and The Vagina as, well so the Primary Function of the?
Reproductive System is Simply to reproduce the
Species so this Is how We Produce Offspring and it allows for
Generations and Generations
to Occur
So that's the 11 Systems you need to know for your test on the Test you Should be able to
Identify The Major Organs That Are involved With each System so that is Probably going to be like a matching
Set and also the Major Function related to each System so either of These
Actually Make for good Multiple-Choice Or Matching you Can Make some Flashcards Quiz Yourself or?
There's Lots of Quiz That's Already Online Created so Thanks for Listening and Good luck