Now we are going to talk about conditionals in Farsi. Before that, let's
see what conditionals are in a conditional sentence. You have an if
clause, which is the conditional part, and you have a main clause. You are saying
under which condition the main cause is true. So in Farsi, there are different
conjunctions to show the conditional form. But the most common one is the word "اکر",
and we are going to use just this word. When we are talking about
conditionals in Farsi, there are two types of conditionals in Farsi. Real
conditionals and unreal ones. Now just we are going to talk about the real
condition conditional forms in Farsi. This is important to know that the
tenses in if clause and main clause. So in real conditions in Farsi, the if
clause, when it's a real condition, something that is likely to happen and
it's there, so then the if Clause is going to be in subjunctive
form, and the main clause will be in future or present. And as you know,
present tense in Farsi implies present and future. So let's
look at some examples, again:
اگر من به سینما بروم، او هم می آید.
So as you can see, we have "اگر". So this is the if clause
and this is our main clause. So you are saying "if I go to cinema, he will
come." So here I use present tense. But present tense in Farsi implies future
too. So I'm saying that under this condition,
this statement will be true. As opposed to English, where you can use
present tense or other tenses. The main clause in real conditions always is in
subjunctive.
اگر من به سینما بروم
So "بروم" is in subjunctive
form. So then, he or she will come. Another example:
اگر تو بیایی، من هم خواهم رفت.
So here, this is the if clause. Because "اگر" is in this sentence. "اگر تو بیایی" is if
you come. However, in Farsi, it's in subjunctive:
اگر تو بیایی
"To come" is in subjunctive form. Our main clause is too.
That is, I will come. I will also come.
Another example:
اگر باران نبارد، ما به پارک کی رویم.
So here this is our conditional clause,
"اگر"if clause
اگر باران نبارد
If it doesn't rain, here "باریدن", to rain, is in subjunctive form. But
negative one. "نبارد", doesn't rain. If it doesn't rain, then we will go to
the park.
The point is that the place of if clause is flexible. You can move this if
class next to your main Clause. "او هم می آید".
اگر من به سینما بروم.
There is no problem. However, it's more common to use the if clause first and then
you have your main clause. There is one important point about real conditionals
in Farsi. Whenever the condition is extremely likely, in everyday Farsi,
you can use past tense. In your if clause. Let's look at some examples. So
this is more in everyday Farsi, and when the condition is extremely likely:
اگر او را دیدی، این نامه را به او بده.
So, here it's again real conditions. But
as you can see, in other if clause, the verb is in past tense.
So when because the speaker, someone who is making this sentence, believes that
this is extremely likely, it is a highly probable. So it's "he says" or "she says."
If you saw him or her, so give him-- then you have your verb in
the imperative form-- give him this letter. If you saw him. But I'm just doing
a literal translation. In transition, if you see him, give him this letter. But
here in Farsi, we used past tense. Another example:
اگر زود رسیدی، این را به او بگو.
If you arrive early, tell him this.
Tell him this. So again, it's a real condition. But I'm in our if clause, I'm
using a past tense verb. So I got "زود رسیدی", then the main clause has a verb in
imperative form. If you arrive early, tell him this. So the
points about real conditionals in Farsi: First, the if clause is always in
subjunctive, except for the times when you think that the condition is extremely
likely. Then you can use past tense in your in if clause, which is rare.
It's not that common. So we can just stick to the point that we always try to
use the subjunctive in your if clause and then have future or present in your main
clause. This was a lesson on real conditionals in Farsi.