hello and welcome to this short video on how to cite in-text
by paraphrasing in apa 7th referencing style this video will cover the methods used to paraphrase
examples of these and some final points to remember
now there are two ways if we want to reference a paraphrase in text using apa 7th referencing style
these are author focused and information focused and we're going to look at both of these today
firstly if we look at author focused what happens is the author's name or names if
there are multiple authors appear outside of the brackets usually in these types of citations
the author will appear at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence and we use this method if
we want to draw particular attention to the author that we have referenced let's have a look at some
examples here is the original text written by smith and we can see it says students often
find referencing in the main text of their work a little difficult to understand and do correctly
so we want to use that idea but obviously we have to paraphrase it into our own words and then
reference smith so the first method shows that the author starts the sentence smith in brackets 2012
argued that in-text citations could be a little confusing that is one way to achieve
that paraphrase the second example we have added the reporting verb first so according to smith
2012 in brackets again and then a comma in-text citations could be a little confusing
and now the final example has moved the author further into the middle of the sentence
in-text citations can be quite confusing as smith 2012 pointed out in a recent study
so all three of these are equally valid but just notice that smith appears outside of
the brackets in each case now if we move on to information focus style paraphrasing
in this case the author's name or names appear inside the brackets this type of citation will
often appear in the middle or at the end of the sentence and unlike author focus
referencing this is what we use if we want to draw attention to the actual information itself
so here are some examples of how we would use information focus referencing again we have
the original text written by smith students often find referencing in the main text of their work a
little difficult to understand and do correctly so that's the idea we want to use so we need to
paraphrase it and reference smith so in the first example you can see that the author now appears at
the end of the reference it has been argued that in-text citations could be a little confusing
bracket smith comma 2012 bracket an important feature of apa 7th referencing is that the comma
always appears between the author or authors and the year so it's important not to leave
that small detail out a second example shows the author appearing in the middle of the sentence
in-text citations can be a little confusing there's the paraphrase smith comma 2012 in
brackets and then we have added our own comment to that and this poses a major challenge for students
so if the author and the information prominent are suitable methods to paraphrase
the important thing to remember with paraphrasing however as we've seen in those examples is keeping
the original meaning of the idea and words we want to use but putting them into our own words that is
the crucial point that is how we avoid plagiarism the other thing to remember now that we have both
of these styles is that using a combination of these can also help vary your writing
so instead of just using one author first or information first and having repetitive writing
try mixing it up a little to give it that variety and that will bring us to the end of this video
we hope that it's been helpful to you and good luck with all of your referencing