hello everyone and welcome back to
english with lucy today we are going
back to basics we are looking at the
building blocks of spoken english i'm
going to be talking to you about the
eight parts of speech every single word
you say has a role within a sentence
every single word is a part of speech
today we're going to be breaking it down
and looking at each one it makes up
nearly everything that we say in english
so we might as well get it right from
the very beginning as always there is a
free pdf that goes with today's lesson
it's got everything we're going to talk
about today plus a quiz i know you love
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with the lesson let's talk about the
first part of speech in my opinion the
most important nouns these are the bread
and butter of our speech which is ironic
because bread
and butter
are both nouns
a noun is something that names something
such as a person an idea or a thing in a
sentence a noun can play the role of a
subject an indirect object a direct
object a subject complement an object
complement and a positive or an
adjective there are so many different
types of nouns they can name people such
as a girl
taylor swift my dad they can name a
place
a mountain
spain
the kitchen they can also name things
activities concepts
processes ideas
such as love
rugby
shorts knowledge
i actually have a video on the 100 most
important nouns in british english i
will link to that video in the
description box it's quite a good one if
you want to
quickly acquire a lot of vocabulary
let's move on to the second part of
speech pronouns a pronoun is a word
that's used instead of a noun or a noun
phrase you use them when the reader or
listener already knows the specific noun
that you're referring to if i tell a
story for example about my
fiancee william it will get so boring
and repetitive if i just say the noun
william over and over again let's try
let's see how it sounds william is my
fiancee william is extremely tall
william told me that william wants to
marry me
it makes me sound obsessed and weird to
be honest and very repetitive let's try
it with a lovely pronoun instead
william's my fiance he's very tall he
told me he wants to marry me it sounds a
little better less obsessive less boring
now there are quite a few different
types of pronouns and some pronouns are
found in more than one category i will
present you with some of the most common
we have the personal pronouns i me you
she her
he him
us we
they them we also have the demonstrative
pronouns i love the word demonstrative
it sounds posh they are that this
these and those we also have indefinite
pronouns and these are used when the
person or thing doesn't need to be
specifically identified for example one
other everybody anybody nobody an
example
everybody loves my homemade brownies or
some love marmite others hate it other
types include interrogative pronouns
like who what which and whose
progressive pronouns
like my
your
their whose
reflexive and intensive pronouns like
myself yourself
themselves and relative pronouns like
whom
what
which let's move on to part of speech
number three adjectives these might be
my favorite actually these are the words
that describe nouns an adjective can go
right before the noun it's describing
for example my orange cat but it doesn't
have to for example my cat is orange now
one of the most important things that
you can learn when it comes to
adjectives is adjective order i feel
like this is a sneaky secret that's like
the key to fluency only certain people
know about this and once they learn it
they're like oh my word it's so secret
that many native speakers don't even
know they're using it but when you
present them with this information they
are blown away because everyone follows
the same order without even thinking
about it we're not taught this in school
i made a video all about this again i
will link it in the description box
but i'll give you a quick summary from
one to ten the order in which we
naturally say adjectives number one
opinion ugly beautiful number two size
big tall number three physical quality
neat rough four
shape for example round or square number
five age
old new number six color
pink orange number seven
origin
egyptian japanese eight material plastic
leather nine type
unisex
four-legged for example and number ten
purpose
sewing
cooking for example so i would talk
about my beautiful brown leather
suitcase or my big black indian cooking
pot i've got a little homework task for
you using what you've just learnt there
i would like you to write three
sentences
using the correct adjective order
describing three things that you can see
from where you are right now please put
that in the comment section okay part of
speech number four verbs listen to me
write what you hear learn to speak
everything that is in bold here is a
verb we use them all the time verbs are
words that describe actions we have
dynamic or action verbs that describe
literal actions like walking running
singing we also have stative verbs that
refer to feelings and states like to
love to think to feel auxiliary verbs
are used in english to change another
verbs
mood
voice or tense this is why they're
referred to as helping verbs the main
auxiliary verbs are be have and do we
also have modal auxiliary verbs commonly
called modals or modal verbs
these are a big pain point for many
students learning english because
they're so annoying they are they are
annoying modals are added to another
verb to show
capability or possibility or necessity
as well common examples are may might
must
can could should and shall and would and
will ah ought is also an important one
too i made a video a very very long time
ago about modal verbs so you can click
on it to laugh about how young i was i
think i was 21. yeah i was 21 when i
started teaching english on youtube and
i am now
27
can you believe that
and
by the time this video comes out i will
be married
i'm not married right now um but yes my
wedding
hopefully will have passed i will put a
link to that modals video in the
description box but maybe that's
something i ought
modal verb to recreate soon let me know
if you'd like a video about modal verbs
one last part of this segment
phrasal verbs i hear you groan i've
heard you all grown
[Laughter]
everyone seems to find phrasal verbs so
annoying and they are they're really
really frustrating but i really enjoy
teaching them these are phrases that act
as a single verb they usually consist of
a verb and a preposition i have made so
many videos over the years about phrasal
verbs i'll list a few of my favorites in
the description box down below as well
right number five let's talk about
adverbs an adverb is a word that
describes an adjective
a verb another adverb or even a sentence
have a look at these examples i gently
lifted him out of bed here the adverb is
describing the verb he is more
interesting than you that is an
unusually tall tree there the adverb is
describing the adjective unfortunately
we had already left unfortunately the
adverb is describing the whole sentence
okay let's move on to prepositions
another topic that learners of english
tend to find quite tricky a preposition
is a word that tells you when or where
something is in relation to something
else it tells you the relationship
between words in a sentence i put my bag
on the table
i sat beside the wall
my birthday is on monday
now let's take this opportunity to bust
a myth i hate this myth
so much it annoys me all the time
i have lots of students and viewers in
my comment section
telling me off because they've been
mistaught about this myth by their
teachers some people are adamant that
you should never end a sentence with a
preposition and they are wrong
and teachers say this and it bugs me
what do you think sounds more natural
where do you come from or
from where do you come
from where do you come it sounds
beautiful
for game of thrones where do you come
from from being a preposition at the end
of sentence sounds absolutely fine
that's where you went to what else am i
meant to say that is to where you went
no an example are you going to the party
i don't know who i'm going with
you could say i don't know with whom i'm
going but it's just too formal so yes
there are many occasions when using a
preposition to end a sentence is wrong
especially in formal writing or formal
speech don't let pedance make you scared
to speak part of speech number seven
conjunctions a conjunction is a word
that's used to connect clauses sentences
or words together firstly let's look at
coordinating conjunctions they allow us
to join words phrases or clauses of
equal rank the most common coordinating
conjunctions are fanboys
no literally for and nor but or yet
so
fanboys that's a great way to remember
them here we have two sentences or
clauses of equal rank i had a terrible
headache i still went to school we can
join them together with a coordinating
clause i had a terrible headache but i
still went to school we also have
correlative conjunctions these are pairs
that work together
like
either and or or neither and nor i want
either the beef or the turkey roast
there are also subordinating
conjunctions which join a dependent and
an independent clause common
subordinating conjunctions are because
since as
although
though
while or whilst
and whereas i ate dinner because i was
hungry i drove while talking on the
phone finally we have number eight the
eighth part of speech
the articles very important part of
speech the definite article is the word
the it limits the meaning of a noun to
one particular thing give me the ticket
i am talking about a specific ticket
that both of us know about the ticket
not a ticket not another ticket
the ticket the indefinite article is a
or an
it is
uh
when it precedes a word that begins with
a consonant
or it is an or un
when it precedes a word that begins with
a vowel the indefinite article indicates
that a noun refers to a general thing a
general idea rather than a specific
thing can you pass me an apple note that
i said an because it starts with a vowel
sound should i bring a bottle of wine
tonight not the bottle of wine should i
bring the bottle of wine implies that
it's a very special bottle of wine that
we both know about no a bottle of wine
any bottle of wine right that is it for
my lesson on the eight parts of speech i
hope you enjoyed it and i hope you
learned something now it's time for you
to complete the quiz
if you'd like to complete the quiz just
download the pdf all you've got to do is
click on the link in the description box
you enter your name and your email
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lucy don't forget to connect with me on
all of my social media i've got my
instagram my website
englishwithlucy.co.uk where i've got a
fabulous pronunciation tool you can
click on phonemes and hear me pronounce
them and hear me pronounce words that
contain those phonemes e
word
no
i've also got my personal channel where
i document my life here in the english
countryside all of my vlogs are fully
subtitled so you can use them for
listening practice and to improve your
vocabulary i will see you soon for
another lesson
[Music]
you