They listen today is about a very important construction in Farsi:
The "اضافه" construction. It's connecting words
by a short sound "eh." like what we had already learned, the short sound "eh." So
there are three primarily usages for the "ezafeh" construction
in Farsi. Prepositions, or for adjectives, or for naming. Now we are going to talk
about the first one: the possessive construction by "اضفه". So let's look
at some examples in order to be more clear about it. So for we have the
word "کتاب" and then we have the pronoun "من", now we can connect this word in order to
say "my book." We need to connect these words and we do it through a short sound
of "eh:" "کتاب من". My book. So this is the possessive use of "ezafeh."
Other examples: پدر سارا
Sara's father, "پدر سارا". We have these two words. There is a
possessive relation between them. In order to show that, we use the short
sound "eh" to express that. For example, another one is "کیف حمید".
This is the ezafeh, "کیف حمید". Hamid's bag. So now, this is
the simple construction. We have just two words that are connected. Sometimes there
is a chain of "ezafeh." For example, I can say:
کیف برادر سارا
So here, we have "کیف برادر سارا". We have connected
these three words through "ezafeh," and it's a possessive construction.
Sara's brother's bag.
کیف برادر سارا.
کتاب دوست حمید.
Hamid's friend's book.
کتاب دوست حمید.
So here you have the chain of "ezafeh." It can be even bigger.
You can have four or five words. I mean it's not that common, but it's possible to
have more words in the chain of "اضافه". So this is the construction for
expressing a possessive construction in Farsi. That is, using "اضافه", and
the important point is that when the word ends in a consonant, like in "کتاب".
The "ب" is a consonant. It's not a vowel. In Farsi, the "ezafeh," this "eh" sound, is not
shown. So there is no way. Just you should read it. It's actually
pronounced, but it's not written. For example, in your book and in Farsi
books, "کتاب من", is written like this, even though there is a short "eh" sound
here between these two .It's not written. Or for example, "پدر سارا",
you will find it like this: "پدر سارا". But you should read it "پدر سارا".
But if the word ends in a vowel, no matter short or long, it is shown. So
for example we have the word "خانه."
It ends in a short vowel, the vowel "eh," "خانه". Now you want to say
"his house." Then you have "او". Now you want to connect them. Here you
should use a euphonic "ی" and put the "eh" under it in order
to express "خانه ی او". It's hard for Farsi speakers to say
خانه او
So in order to make it easy,
It's a "خانه ی او". Another one: for example, "هفته"
means week. You wanna say next week. So you need the word "بعد". It means next. So
now in order to show the "ezafeh" one, you use a euphonic "ی" here and put
the "اضافه" sign under it. So "هفته ی بعد", next week.
So, "خانه ی او". It's euphonic "ی". His or her house. And the same with a
long vowels. All the plural nouns in Farsi, if you use the suffix "ها",
they end in a long vowel. For example, you have the word "سیب". It means apple. Then you
have the suffix "ها". Now you want to say Hamid's Apple. So you say
سیب ها ی حمید.
Or, for example, the word "دانشجو". Student at university. So it ends in the long
vowel "ooh." Now you want to say "دانشجوی خوب", a good student. So
again, as you can see, automatically, I pronounced a euphonic "ی"
in order to express the "ezafeh." So "دانشجوی خوب". Even though sometimes
people don't put this "ی" in here.
You should put it first, because it's easier to read the passage and also
it's a standard way to write this "اضافه" when the word ends and in vowel.
Another example with the long vowel "ee." So "صندلی" means chair. Now you want to
say the chair of the class. So you say
صندلی کلاس
Or for example, the word for God.
It's "خدا" and it ends in a long vowel. So in order to say
"my god," you should say "خدای من".
So as we were talking about the "ezafeh," that is a short sound and that connects
two words. It has three primary usages. The first one was a
possessive, the other one is adjective, and the
third one is to name. Now we were talking about their possessive construction that
was between two nouns mainly. So here you can see "کتاب من" and "پدر سارا" and
and "کیف حمید". This is the "اضافه" construction. That was the lesson on
the possessive construction by using "اضافه".