Hello, welcome everybody, this is doctor Bolad, board certified physician in cardiology, interventional
cardiology and internal medicine, certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine.
If you are new to this channel, then definitely consider hitting the subscribe button below
and switch on the notification bell so you don’t miss any new videos that I post. Chronic
sleep insufficiency is common in modern times and is caused by a variety of factors such
as work demands, social and family responsibilities, medical conditions, and sleep disorders. As
sleep deprivation continues, individuals may experience reduced performance and detrimental
effects on both psychological and physical health. Sleep has two dimensions, the quantity
(which is the duration of sleep) and quality (which is the depth of sleep). When individuals
fail to obtain adequate quantity or quality of sleep, daytime alertness and function suffer.
In response to sleep deprivation, sleep is often both longer and deeper. In many cases,
however, sleep intensity can change without major changes in sleep duration. Sleep duration
alone is therefore not a good indicator of how much sleep is needed to feel refreshed
in the morning and function properly. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders
recognizes insufficient sleep syndrome as a disorder characterized by excessive daytime
sleepiness caused by curtailed sleep almost every day for at least three months. This
figure shows the National Sleep Foundation recommendation for sleep duration according
to age. Sleep need varies significantly among individuals and across the lifespan. While
most adults report sleeping six to eight hours per night, some otherwise healthy individuals
may be short sleepers, requiring less than six hours of sleep per night without the need
for catch-up sleep to feel refreshed. Others may report the need for ten or more hours
of sleep per night. Insufficient sleep on the long term has a significant negative impact
on health, especially cardiovascular health. The American Heart Association recognizes
lack of adequate sleep as a risk factor for adverse cardiometabolic profiles and poor
outcomes. Poor sleep is associated with the development of coronary artery disease among
healthy middle-aged adults. In a large cross-sectional study that included nearly 4000 adults 40
to 54 years of age without a history of cardiovascular or obstructive sleep apnea, those with the
shortest sleep duration of less than 6 hours per night, had increased atherosclerotic plaque
burden as measured by carotid and femoral vascular ultrasound. These are predictors
of coronary artery disease. Insufficient sleep is also a predictor of development of heart
attacks. In the United Kingdom Biobank prospective cohort study of nearly 500 thousand adults
age 40 to 69 years and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline, habitual sleep duration
<6 hours per day by self-report was associated with a 20 percent increase in the risk of
incident of heart attacks over a median follow-up of seven years. A randomization analysis estimated
that one additional hour of sleep per night would decrease the risk of heart attack by
20 percent. As a side note, long sleep duration of more than 9 hours per night was also identified
as a risk factor. Insufficient sleep is also a predictor of development of cardiometabolic
risk factors, including central obesity, high glucose and high blood pressure. In a prospective
study of over 160 thousand healthy, nonobese adults age 20 to 80 years, self-reported sleep
duration <6 hours per day was independently associated with increased risk for development
of multiple cardiometabolic risk factors over an 18-year follow-up period, findings included
central obesity, elevated fasting glucose, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein,
high triglycerides levels and metabolic syndrome. Insufficient sleep is also a predictor of
development of atrial fibrillation, which is a heart arrhythmia manifested by irregularity
of the heart beating. In a large retrospective cohort study of over 31,000 adults undergoing
diagnostic polysomnography, a one-hour reduction in sleep was associated with increased odds
of atrial fibrillation, independent of age, sex, body mass index, and cardiovascular risk
factors. In a 2018 meta-analysis of 10 observational studies in over 14 million individuals, self-reported
insomnia and frequent awakenings were risk factors for atrial fibrillation. Inflammation
is a possible mechanism for the relationship between short sleep duration and cardiovascular
disease. In laboratory experiments, acute sleep loss is associated with the induction
of several proinflammatory markers, and this has been observed in relatively mild restriction
of sleep from eight to six hours for eight days. It is worth mentioning that lack of
sleep also causes other serious consequences not related to the heart. These non-cardiac
effects include Accidents and workplace errors Excessive sleepiness is a common cause of
car crashes and near misses and contributes to over half of all fatal truck crashes in
the United States. Occupational errors are also more common among individuals with sleep
insufficiency as illustrated in multiple studies. Reduced Quality of life. Individuals frequently
report that their quality of life suffers as a result of chronic sleep insufficiency.
They often cut back on activities they enjoy, claiming that they do not have enough energy
to perform the activity. People who fall asleep at work or whose productivity suffers due
to sleepiness may be reprimanded, denied advancement, or fired. Immunosuppression. Chronic sleep
loss is associated with immunodeficiency. The immune response to vaccination against
influenza virus decreases after six days of restricted sleep. Obesity. Sleep restriction
leads to negative metabolic consequences that contribute to risk of obesity and associated
conditions such as type 2 diabetes. Chronic kidney disease. Some studies have shown that
short sleep duration was associated with an increased rate of decline in kidney function
over years of follow up. If you have any questions about what I presented to you today, then
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reply to you. Please like and share this video with family and friends. This is Doctor Bolad,
helping you with your heart health, thanks for watching, and talk to you soon