Our modern world is witnessing an age of disruption.
With increasing reliance on electric mobility and sustainable fuels, the phase out of the
internal combustion engine has already begun.
However, to say that humanity’s dependence on fossil fuels has dwindled would be far
from the truth.
Despite constant price fluctuations and the availability of alternative fuels, our global
fealty to gasoline and diesel remains unquestionable.
However, did you know that gasoline and diesel serve very different functions?
Also, do you know which of the two is a better fuel?
Let’s find out!
Note that gasoline is often shortened to gas, or referred to as petrol, in various parts
of the world.
In this video, we’ll use the word ‘gasoline’, but it means the same as ‘gas’ or ‘petrol’.
To begin with, both gasoline and diesel are extracted from the same raw material – crude
oil—and pass through various levels of refinement.
Yet, they have different thermal characteristics, making them suitable for very different purposes.
In order to understand this better, let’s compare these fuels across 3 parameters, and
learn a bit more about their attributes.
1.
Fuel characteristics a.
Calorific value The calorific value refers to the energy within
the fuel that gets released as heat upon its combustion.
Interestingly, both gasoline and diesel have comparable calorific values by weight—45.5
MJ/kg for diesel and 45.8 MJ/kg for gasoline.
However, diesel has a higher density than gasoline, which makes it more energy intensive.
Due to this, less diesel is required to produce the same energy output as gasoline.
b.
Nature Both gasoline and diesel are volatile fuels,
though gasoline is the more volatile of the two.
While volatility is inherent to the fuels by nature, the use of additives increases
this volatility for better combustion characteristics.
However, higher volatility increases knocking or pre-ignition; for beginners, pre-ignition
is the tendency of the fuel to combust before the optimum timing.
This is detrimental to the power output and the engine’s long-term health.
Gasoline and diesel have a shelf life of up to 6 and 12 months respectively, assuming
the ideal storage conditions are available.
c.
Emissions There is no cleaner fuel when comparing gasoline
and diesel.
Due to differences in the nature of these fuels, the kind of residue produced by them
also varies.
Common combustion products include hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur, ammonia and
particulate matter.
Gasoline engines emanate more greenhouse gasses, such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide,
thereby contributing to environmental pollution.
Diesel engines, on the other hand, produce more Nitrogen Oxide and fine particulate matter
in the form of soot, which is characterized by heavy black deposits.
The residue of diesel combustion poses greater health hazards for those exposed to the exhaust.
Most modern cars are fitted with advanced catalytic converters that reduce the amount
of harmful components present in the exhaust, in order to protect the outside atmosphere.
2.
Engine characteristics a.
Construction The construction of engines is dependent on
the combustion requirement of the respective fuels.
Gasoline engines have spark plugs that help in the ignition of the air fuel mixture.
Diesel engines have glow plugs that heat up the air fuel mixture, and combustion is achieved
by compression.
Due to the greater stresses required and generated in the combustion of diesel, it is essential
for their engines to have thicker walls and a better quality of componentry.
However, gasoline is ignited by a spark and does not need high levels of compression.
This allows for relatively thinner walls and componentry that isn’t subject to such high
stress.
b.
Performance The overall lighter architecture of gasoline
engines, and the shorter bore-and-stroke combination, allow for greater power output and the capability
to reach higher revolutions per minute (RPMs).
On the flip side, diesel engines are bulky, and typically consist of longer piston strokes,
so they can’t reach high RPMs without incurring a lot of mechanical strain.
This causes a loss in the total power output, although diesels benefit from the tremendous
torque that is generally lacking in gasoline engines.
In the past, gasoline engines were known to be much quieter than diesel engines, but increased
refinement in recent decades has enabled diesel engines to be just as quiet as gasoline engines.
c.
Application Their higher horsepower makes gasoline engines
more conducive for domestic and performance-oriented applications.
These include both commuter cars, sports cars and motorcycles.
Diesel engines generate better torque and find use in SUVs, heavy vehicles and marine
engines.
Diesel engine vehicles are generally more expensive upfront than their gasoline equivalents.
3.
Performance and costs a.
Fuel efficiency Diesel engines are more fuel efficient than
their gasoline counterparts.
This is due to the fact that a diesel combustion cycle is more efficient (roughly 36%) when
compared to a gasoline combustion cycle (about 25%).
Better efficiency reduces fuel costs, which represent a major chunk of the running costs
of a vehicle.
However, better fuel metering, injection and combustion technology have ensured that most
modern-day engines are smaller in size, yet more fuel efficient and powerful than their
predecessors.
b.
Maintenance costs Due to their robust architecture, diesel engines
do not require a lot of maintenance, as compared to gasoline engines.
However, this also implies that replacement parts and consumables used in a diesel engine
are more expensive, and contribute to higher maintenance costs.
c.
Fuel costs In the process of fractional distillation,
diesel is extracted first, followed by gasoline as the crude is refined further.
This, coupled with supply chain costs, means gasoline is usually more expensive than diesel
in most places.
This is contradictory to the overall cost of gasoline vehicles, which are cheaper to
buy, but more expensive to run in the long term.
Is there really a better fuel between diesel and gasoline?
As with everything else, the better fuel is the one that serves one’s purposes best.
As we just explained, both gasoline and diesel have vastly different characteristics and
serve very different purposes, despite being Internal Combustion engine fuels.
At the same time, both have their own pros and cons, so a distinct answer to this question
must be based on the asker’s needs..
The debate of gasoline and diesel is as old as these two fuels!
However, it is quite possible that in the next few decades, the world of machines may
depart from these fuels entirely and usher in a new era - one that runs on renewable
energy and protects the environment too!