welcome to another Tsarskoe v2 COVID-19 updates we got numbers we got germany
san francisco stocks delta corona virus vaccine treatment in the US and pandemic
and that is with a question mark so let's get right to the numbers if we go
to the world ometer website if we look at the number of active cases you can
see that 82 percent of those are in mild condition whereas 18 percent are serious
or critical remember these are patients that got tested because they had
symptoms and i imagine that there's far more people out there than we know that
had corona virus were asymptomatic and didn't even know if we look at the close
cases this is something that we're following people who have gone through
the corona virus and come out the other side or have not come out the other side
we're seeing that about 92 percent of them have recovered on our discharge in
our home and eight percent have died if we look at the graph of that we can see
here that this has not yet reached the asymptote according to these numbers if
you believe them death rate is eight point four two percent and dropping for
those of you who don't trust the numbers coming out of China this is an
interesting graph here where we look at the total cases outside of China and you
can see that those are going up and we're sort of in the epidemic phase
especially in South Korea and in Italy if we look at daily cases excluding
mainland China we've got here on the 25th of February the highest number to
date but please remember that those cases that are outside of China are just
a sliver of the total cases that are reported by mainland China of course if
those numbers in China are far greater than what they're reporting then the
sliver is even smaller than it is represented here again back on the main
page at the bottom below all of the countries specific data we have the
latest updates during one new death in Japan three new cases in Thailand and
they say that we are entering a full war with kovat 19 and one new death in South
Korea a 73 year-old male if we go back to February
25th there are 406 new cases and 52 new
deaths occurring in China on February 25th as reported by the National Health
Commission of China also one new death in South Korea a female patient who died
of acute respiratory failure after being a minute up to just two days being in
the hospital one new death on the diamond princess this is a person in
their 80s two new cases in Italy 60 new cases in South Korea which is a sharp
decline in new cases compared to yesterday's 161 new cases so I'll have
to see how that pans out on CNBC they are reporting as part of their update
that there are new coronavirus cases in Germany this is a 25 year old man living
in southern German state of Baden württemberg and he had a return visit
from Italy he had flu-like symptoms and he's gonna
be treated in isolation and people who have been in contact with them are going
to be put in isolation also see here that San Francisco has declared a local
emergency and they have a total caseload of zero but they are trying to take a
proactive action kind of an interesting thing of course the big news of the day
is somebody at the CDC which we'll talk about said that it's not a matter of if
but a matter of when Cova 19 comes to the United States in full force and of
course that caused the markets to lose up to 800 points also we see here that
Delta scraps cancellation fees for Italian flights because of that outbreak
big news here is that US health officials say that human trials on
coronavirus vaccine is going to start in six weeks and we talked about this on
the last update and how it is so different than the previous examples of
vaccines that we've had and that's because instead of injecting you with a
protein that your immune system makes antibodies against what they're going to
be doing is injecting you with the instructions that is the RNA into your
cell so that the antigen presenting cells that normally present these
antigens to your immune system will make the protein on its surface and then
present it to your immune system to make the antibodies against it
this allows you to make manipulations as the virus
apparently mutates it also cuts down on production time it allows you to get a
vaccine out during an epidemic as opposed to after the epidemic has passed
and a lot of people have suffered from this and it also allows you to scale and
reach millions and millions of people with this type of vaccine and we talked
about that yesterday we got more information about that today here's a
really interesting article this is from Harvard University and believe it or not
this was published in May of 2015 that's five years ago that they were looking at
this type of technology and we'll leave a link to this website in the
description below goes through a lot of interesting things for instance a lot of
questions yesterday regarding how do you get this RNA into the cells well it
talks about what RNA does and I would recommend you watch our molecular
biology primer which will put the link to to bone up if you will
on exactly how does the cellular structure work because that's going to
become really important for you to understand if you want understand how
these vaccines work so that talks about that here it says in the living cell of
the organism DNA is the molecule that contains the genetic information of that
organism it's composed of a series of four building blocks which we talk about
that gets copied into a structure called RNA which carries that information into
the rest of the cell that's the cytosol or the cytoplasm and it's there that
this RNA genetic information is translated into proteins so you can see
here what happens is you get injected this is the RNA that they have figured
out it goes into your special type of cells called antigen presenting cells
these are typically the cells that go around looking for things that shouldn't
be there eating them up and presenting the antigens usually proteins to your
immune cells that's how a normal vaccine works well here these little code
instructions will go into the antigen presenting cell and the cell itself will
make a portion of the viral protein the portion that they feel is the best to
make antibodies against they will make that protein inside of their own cells
and present it which will stimulate the immune response
and RNA is injected into the body this RNA encodes the information to produce
the antigen which is a protein from a pathogen that will stimulate the immune
system inside the cells the RNA is used to synthesize the antigen which is
exposed to the cell surface this is the new part here then a subset of immune
system cells recognize the antigen and trigger an immune response so it's quite
interesting you can see here that once you have the real pathogen that comes in
you already have the immune system built up and you can get a rapid response or a
strong response and I will put a couple of other links of some videos below that
describe this kind of technology if you want more information on that we're
gonna talk about that in subsequent lectures the next thing I want to talk
to you about is this fortunate article about the first u.s. trial for a corona
virus treatment that is started and this is an interesting situation because of
course the question is if we're gonna do this in United States who are we going
to do it with and this is not a vaccine this is the treatment and it's using
this medication that we've talked about before called REM des aver now Ramez
aver is a antiviral but the way it works is it is a nucleotide analog that
basically prevents and truncates or stops the ability of RNA to reproduce
and make these long RNA strings and we'll talk a little bit more about that
mechanism in our course on what is a corona virus and how does it infect the
cell and we're still working on that but we should be able to have that out
shortly the NIH confirmed on Tuesday that the first u.s. clinical trial for a
corona virus treatment has launched at the University of Nebraska so this is a
gold standard study where they are going to give patients placebo or the real
thing and the reason why they're doing this is because they don't know if this
medication works but they're certainly gonna try to find out and they're gonna
use patients that have already been infected with kovat 19 that have come
back from the diamond princess or have been quarantined and found to have the
corona virus if they develop symptoms so again who are these patients the first
u.s. patient to enroll in the trial is according to the NIH an American who
volunteered for the study the individual was one of thousands of people
quarantined on the princess cruise ship in Japan before
being repatriated to the United States which all brings us back to the last
item and that's this idea about pandemic pan of course meaning everywhere ademma
keening a situation or infection so the common cold is a pandemic the flu virus
is a pandemic a pandemic simply describes how broad and far-reaching is
this infection what are the US health officials say based on this news report
we have an shoots at the principal deputy director of the Centers for
Disease Control prevention told reporters at a news briefing quote it's
not so much a question of if this will happen anymore but rather more question
of when this will happen and how many people in this country will become
infected and how many of those will develop a severe or more complicated
disease Health and Human Services Secretary Alex as are added
we can't hermetically seal off the United States and so a lot of these
people that are being repatriated have these viruses they're keeping them in
quarantine and we will see how this goes there is hope of course that we can
stave this off and that somehow if there's increasing temperatures in
spring and summer that perhaps this might depress the growth of the corona
virus there are some examples where this could be true we have some data to show
that this might be true we also have data that this might not be true right
because we have places like Singapore and warmer countries where there is
still a growth of the corona virus so getting back to our agenda the big story
currently is what they're doing here with the vaccine with the RNA and what
they're doing with the treatment with the randomized controlled trial that's
big news and then of course this pandemic is not going to change what we
do in terms of the virus it's simply going to change the perception the
perception the virus can sometimes be more dangerous than the virus itself it
is best to do what you can do on a rational basis to improve your chances
of not getting the corona virus but if you do surviving it