Now we're going to talk about possessive suffixes. In Turkish if you want to form a phrase like
"my house" you add one of a set of endings called possessive suffixes
directly to the noun that is being possessed. Let's take a look
Let's say you want to say the phrase "my mother" will start with the Turkish word for mother "anne"
If you want to say "my mother" you're going to choose the first person singular form
of the possessive suffix to attach right to the end of the word "anne": mother
So we see that our first person
singular possessive suffix is "-m"
So to say "my mother" we simply say
"annem"
This word all by itself
encompasses the phrase "my mother"
If you want to emphasize that it's "my mother" as opposed to "your mother" or
Clarify that it's "my mother" you have the option of adding
the Turkish personal pronoun my: "benim" in the genitive
before the word "annem", so
optional
benim annem
"my mother" or simply "annem": my mother
what if
you want to add a possessive suffix to a noun that ends with a consonant
Okay, so "anne" ends the vowel what if you want to add one add a possessive suffix to a noun that ends the consonant
like "ev"
Turkish Word for house
Well, of course to you express "my house"
you're going to use the same first person singular possessive suffix "-m"
Ha! But Turkish does not like to have two consonants next to each other so we have talked in the past about
buffer consonants, now we're going to have something that's we can almost think of as a buffer vowel
It's going to follow the same rules of four-way vowel harmony that you've learned elsewhere
so for "ev"
when we look we have four options, "-im, -ım, -um, and -üm"
The rules of four-way vowel harmony tell us that for "ev" we're going to use "-im"
"evim"
my house
Now although this single word "evim" means my house all by itself you want to emphasize
It's "my house" you can also again add
"benim" so the personal pronoun
"ben" in the genitive my house, "benim evim" or simply "evim"
Let's move on to the second person
Again, let's say we want to say "your mother" your singular, your informal mother "anne"
start with the Turkish word for mother and simply add
"-n"
the possessive suffix for the second person singular "-n"
Annen
"Annen" by itself means "your mother" your singular, informal mother. If you want to stress that it's "your mother"
You have the option as we did with "benim" of adding the personal pronoun and the genitive so "sen" means you
singular or you informal in Turkish so "senin"
"senin annen": Your mother
but again just "annen" already carries the meaning of your mother
Let's see what happens when we are attaching a possessive suffix
to any vowel that ends in a consonant so as we saw up here
Take "ev" Turkish word for house. We want to say "your house"
we are going to add the possessive suffix for the second person singular "-n"
but again, we're going to buffer it by choosing the
vowel that corresponds best with "e" according to the rules of four way vowel harmony
so we have "-in, -ın, -un, or -ün"
For "ev" we're going to choose "-in" so
"Evin": your house
Now although "evin" all by itself means "your house" if you want to stress that it's your house
You can say "senin evin": your house or simply "evin"
Let's move on to the third person. We will see something slightly different going on, but it's so pretty simple
Okay, let's say we want to say
"his/her/or its mother"
start with the Turkish word for mother again "anne" and
We see that our third person singular possessive ending is "-i, -ı, -u, or -ü"
Depending on the rules of four-way vowel harmony
Okay, so our knowledge of four-way vowel harmony tells us we would choose "-i" for "anne"...uh oh
Turkish does not like to see two vowels next to each other, so
for third-person possessive suffixes
We are going to insert a buffer consonant in this case "s"
So if you want to say "his/her or its mother" you're going to say "annesi"
"annesi" it by itself means "his/her or its mother"
If you want to specify....
Okay, so if you want to emphasize that "his mother her mother"
You can add an optional "onun"
Like we did with "benim" and "senin" or you can add
someone's name or a noun in the
genitive so for example if you want to say, it's "Mehmet's mother"
You could have "Mehmet"
in
the genitive "Mehmet'in annesi"" Mehmet's mother
Let's see what happens when we
attach a third-person singular possessive suffix to a vowel that ends in a consonant okay, so we'll use our
Standby "ev": house. Okay
"ev"
Well for "anne" we had to add this buffer "s"
between the "e" in "anne" and the "i" in
the possessive Suffix but for "ev" we don't have this problem because "ev" ends in a consonant
So we're just going to go to our chart where you see third-person singular possessive suffix choice of
"-i, -ı, -u, and -ü"
for "ev" we're going to choose "-i", so
"evi" means "his, her or its house" as
we saw with "annesi" if want to stress that it's "his house or her house" you can say all "onun evi" or
if you want to specify the house belongs to someone you can put a
noun or proper noun in the
genitive as we have here
"Mehmet'in evi": these two words mean "Mehmet's house"
Let's move on to the plural
Let's say we want to say "our mother"
Start again with the word for mother "anne this time
we are going as we did with the first person singular
to
notice that we don't need a buffer vowel because "anne" already ends in a vowel
so we're just going to add the version of the plural, first person possessive suffix that agrees
best with the final vowel in" anne you see we have four versions
"-miz, -mız, -muz and -müz"
For "anne" we're going to choose "-miz"
And you see we have no need for the buffer vowel here because "anne" already ends in a vowel so "our mother":
annemiz
Again if we want to stress that it's our mother we can have the option, but we don't have to
add the personal pronoun in the genitive so our: bizim
Our mother or simply "annemiz"
our mother
Let's look at the second person plural
Actually before we move on to the second person plural I want to show you how this is done with "ev"
which ends in a consonant
For "ev" we're just going to, as we have before choose the version of the possessive suffix that
agrees best with the final vowel in "ev" the only vowel in "ev"
And we are going to need to add in this buffer vowel because "ev" ends in a consonant so
"ev...miz"
we need our vowel so "evimiz": our house, and we can say "bizim evimiz" to emphasize
It's our house
On to the second person plural
anne
Say "your plural or your formal mother" we're going to choose our
version of the possessive suffix that agrees best with "anne" according to the rules of four-way vowel harmony
So we have a choice of "-niz, -nız, -nuz, and -nüz", we're going to choose "-niz" and again
we don't need a buffer vowel if
the original word, we're adding the possessive suffix to already ends in a vowel, so "anne"
your
mother
plural, "anneniz"
your mother
and we have the option if we want emphasizes your
plural or your formal mother we can add the personal pronoun in the genitive beforehand, so
"sizin anneniz": your mother
Finally we come to the third person plural so let's say we want to say
"their mother"... actually before we go on to "their mother" I just want to throw up the example for "ev"
The version so we'll see how it works with a noun that ends in a consonant
If you want to say your plural or your formal house you're just going to do what we've already seen happen with"evimiz"
Except with the second person plural ending so we're going to choose the version of the possessive suffix
that agree is best with "ev" so this is going to be "-niz" and
Insert our buffer vowel, "eviniz"
Okay now we're going on to the third person plural
If you want to say "their mother" gonna start with" anne" again and
Now you have two choices you
can either do exactly what we did over here with a third person singular and say "anne"
move this over and say
"annesi", so "onların"" their
"annesi"
Or if you want to emphasize that this is the mother of more than one person, the plurality of the they whose mother it is you can say?
Onların anneleri
Now
if I say "onların anneleri" that can mean one of two things it can mean
"their mother" so multiple them, but only one mother or it can also mean
their mothers
So two different people with two different mothers "onların anneleri": their mothers
It is true for
in all of our possessive suffixes that if the object possessed is in the plural
you're going to insert the plural before the possessive suffix. So for example if you want to say
"my houses" we saw from "my house" it was "benim evim" if you want to say "my houses"
We're going to say
optional "benim"
"ev" then the plural suffix
"-ler" and
then finally the possessive suffix "-im" so "evlerim" my houses or "benim evlerim"