- Hello, massage nurse.
Today I'm gonna be doing lesson nine,
the muscles of ankle and foot movements,
which are plantar flexion, dorsiflexion,
inversion and eversion.
So, I did draw most of the muscles.
However, so my students are really overwhelmed
with learning so many muscles.
So I'm only gonna, you know, go over the main ones, okay?
I didn't draw them all.
But I really just want you guys to get the idea
and learn the main muscles.
Okay.
So, let's start with the anterior part.
You know what, let me review the bones.
The fibula is on the lateral side.
So your lateral malleolus is from your fibula,
which is the non bearing bone.
And then the tibia, which is really, you can feel it.
This is your shin bone.
This is your shin bone, and the medial malleolus,
the medial ankle bone that's from the tibia.
This is from the fibula.
And so this will be your anterior part.
And then your medial part
and then the posterior part of the leg.
Another thing that I need to let you guys know
is that in medical terms, this is the thigh
and this is considered the leg.
Just like this is the antebrachium
and this is the brachium.
This is the thigh and then this is the leg.
So, from the knee down is considered the leg.
So here you have your tibialis anterior,
which is the main one,
and it originates right here at the head of the tibia.
And it inserts at the first metatarsal by the big toe.
This one is where you get shin splints.
So if you have a client
that comes in and they have shin splints,
you wanna make sure and work the tibialis anterior.
Right next to that you have your extensor digitorum.
You know right here cause it extends all the digits,
you know.
So this is the extensor digitorum longus,
because it extends the digits
and then you've got your extensor hallucis longus
because it extend, remember, this is your hallucis.
Your big toe is your hallucis.
Your thumb is your pollicis.
So anytime you have hallucis in it,
it's in regards to the big toe.
So then next to that you have your fibularis longus.
The fibularis longus and tibialis anterior
are consider the stirrup muscles
because what they do is okay,
so the tibialis anterior crosses the anterior part
and it inserts at the first metatarsal.
And then the fibularis longus,
which is this one right here.
The brown one it comes down on the fibula side,
the head of the fibula comes down goes underneath the foot
and it forms a stirrup
just kind of like when you go horseback riding
and you put your foot in the stirrup.
Your foot has a natural stirrup
and it's formed by the tibialis anterior
and the fibularis longus.
Okay, and then here's the brevis.
The brevis is really small.
And then you have a tertius.
But I didn't draw that one.
So the fibularis brevis is just right here laterally,
and it's on the side and it goes also posterior.
So this are the anterior and lateral view.
And now I'm gonna show you the posterior view.
And that will be the gastrocnemius and the soleus.
And I forgot which other one I drew.
But once she turns over, I'll be able to show you.
Okay, so now we have the posterior view.
And you have the gastrocnemius which man she's,
I've been so lucky with my model.
They have the best part.
She's got amazing.
Can you flex your, you know,
like you can really see her gastrocnemius right here.
She's got amazing legs here.
So, this originates at the epicondyle of the femur
and it comes down.
And it kind of splits right here
and it's attached by the Achilles tendon.
They all get attached by the Achilles tendon,
which that's how we know
but the medical term is the calcaneal tendon.
This calcaneal tendon gets shortened
when you wear high heels.
It's very important for you to kind of balance that out.
Actually high heels are not good for you,
cause you can tear this muscle.
Cause you can actually shorten it
when you're always you know wearing high heels.
Now underneath the gastrocnemius,
you have your soleus or soleus,
depending like I said who's pronouncing it,
which will be the green one right here.
It's underneath, the gastrocnemius is the most superficial.
Then you've got your soleus or soleus.
And if you have a tibialis anterior,
then you have a tibialis posterior,
which is this brown one right here and it crosses
and it goes down here, you know, to the heel.
So, you've got four layers here of muscles.
And like I said, I drew the main ones.
And you've got four layers on your foot also.
So the gastrocnemius, the soleus is underneath,
and the tibialis posterior.
And you have others,
but these are the main ones for flexion, extension.
Now, let me go over that now.
So for plantar flexion,
plantar flexion is when you're, you know,
you're stepping on the gas.
You know, when you're, yeah, when you're going like that,
that's plantar flexion,
cause you've closing this angle here.
So this one, the main one is gastrocnemius, soleus,
plantaris, fibularis longus,
fibularis brevis, flexor digitorum longus,
and flexor hallucis longus.
And then for dorsiflexion, you know,
when you're walking on your heels, that's dorsiflexion.
That would be the anterior part tibialis anterior,
fibularis tertius, extensor hallucis longus
and extensor digitorum longus.
Now for inversion.
Inversion is like when you're meditating.
So that would be when your feet come together.
Inversion is, you know, torus,
you know, the inside of your foot.
So this is tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior,
flexor digitorum longus and flexor hallucis longus.
And for eversion towards the lateral side,
it will be your fibularis longus, fibularis brevis
and your tertius.
And the reason, you know,
you wonder why you always hear dorsiflexion
and plantar flexion,
that's important because when you walk,
when you take the first step, you step with the heel.
So that's dorsiflexion.
And then you go, you know, you put your plantar part down.
And then you go to, you know, to your toes.
So you go heel, flat, and then to your toes.
So, plantar flexion is you flexing this part.
You know, you're closing that angle,
like when you're stepping on the gas of the car,
or walking on your tippy toes.
And dorsiflexion is like when you're walking on your heels.
So this is important when you walk.
And also if you wanna help your clients,
a lot of times they have problems, you know,
because they wear out their shoe on a certain side.
You know, so they wear it out on the lateral side,
you know that they're everting too much,
or on the inner part they're inverting.
You know, and if they wear out the heel,
then you know they're heavy on the foot.
Or when they run too, you know, you can tell how they step.
You know, where they might have the problem on their foot
and actually it comes from your hips too.
So anyway, this is lesson nine,
muscles of the ankle and the foot.
And next time will be less than 10.
And I hope this really helps you out.
This is for my students.
This is what I want.
I want you guys to draw the muscles
and just really learn the main ones.
And don't forget, you know the Achilles tendon.
It's a very large.
It's actually the largest tendon in the body.
I forgot to mention that.
This is the largest tendon in the body.
It's very strong.
So, for someone to tear their Achilles tendon
is because they've really, you know, injured it.
And I did have a client that after retiring
she decided that she was gonna start walking and exercising
and she had been wearing heels, you know, her whole time
and so she shortened this Achilles tendon.
And when she went to flat shoes and tennis shoes,
you know, stepping off the curb,
she tore her Achilles tendon and then had to have surgery.
So anyway, just you know,
like I said, anything in moderation,
you don't wanna abuse any part of your body.
But there you have the posterior
and then the anterior muscles.
I hope this helped you.
And make sure you draw the muscles for your homework guys,
and until the next time, create a great day.