Marine Online
This video section should give a short
introduction to
frostbite
hypothermia
heat cramps
heat syncope II
heat exhaustion
and heatstroke
when frost or cold injury occurs the
skin and later the blood vessels tendons
and muscles freeze we can divide frost
injuries into two groups
superficial frostbite
and deep frostbite
the dangerous factor when it comes to
frost injuries is that often one is
given no warning before the damage has
already been done this is because the
skin rapidly becomes numb and the pain
is felt just briefly an untreated frost
injury may cause tissue death resulting
in damaged organs having to be amputated
superficial frostbite will only cause
damage to the outer layer of skin the
deep flying organs will still function
the symptoms of superficial frostbite
are damaged area is mobile in respect to
underlying tissue skin is hard
initially a piercing like feeling later
no sensation and white wax like skin
treatment
when treating superficial frostbite it
is very important to defrost or for the
frozen area slowly in order to prevent
further tissue damage furthermore it is
very important that the injured area is
not exposed to cold again
further treatment of superficial Frost
is to carefully remove gloves Footwear
and rings not start treatment to for if
there is a chance of renewed exposure to
frost for the damaged area by putting it
in direct contact with your own skin do
not rub
if indoors and the patient is not going
back outdoors a small glass of alcohol
can be given give the patient pain
relieving medicine do not mix this with
alcohol after the painful foreing
process the injured area should be
covered carefully elevate the injured
level to prevent swelling avoid thrusts
or blows to the wound blemishes may
appear after about one to two days and
should not be manipulated
a deep flossed injury develops over a
period
time when it has developed the skin
muscles sinews blood veins and bones are
frozen solid symptoms
at first the symptoms of deep flossed
injury are those of superficial
frostbite the skin may turn blue and
later black gangrene the casualty may
lose sensation the skin may be stiff and
cannot be moved in respect to underlying
tissue treatment
you
the importance when treating deep faust
injury is first of all to prevent the
injury from deteriorating and to ensure
that the patient as rapidly as possible
receives medical treatment
the general principle of treating
hypothermia is to rewarm the casualty
over the same time period that they
became cold therefore if they have spent
five minutes in freezing water then they
can be rewarmed quickly when the body
temperature decreases a number of
chemical and biological reactions take
place the body functions retard and we
may have problems with respiration
metabolism and pulse frequency the need
for oxygen is reduced when the body
temperature falls below 35 degrees
Celsius the condition is called
hypothermia we can divide hyperthermia
into three groups mild hypothermia
moderate hypothermia
and major hypothermia press the buttons
for additional information
when the casualty suffers from mild
thermia the body temperature ranges from
32 degrees to 35 degrees Celsius safe
temperature where the body still has
control of the situation by implementing
certain actions in order to prevent heat
loss and increase heat production the
symptoms of mild hypothermia are shaky
pale skin fast pulse fast respiration
slightly increased blood pressure
increased sugar content in the urine
mild hypothermia is treated by
you
when the casualty suffers from moderate
hypothermia the body temperature ranges
from 30 to 32 degrees Celsius the body
no longer compensates for the loss of
heat and major hyperthermia may develop
if the patient is not removed from the
cold area
the symptoms of moderate hypothermia are
irrational behavior the patient may for
example decide to undress although he
has cold loss of memory for the period
right before or right after the injury
shaking stops
stiff muscles
enlarged pupils
decreased consciousness
lower blood pressure
you
difficult to feel the pulse
reduced oxygen consumption danger of
ventricular fibrillation at less than 32
degrees Celsius
heat cramps often occur after excessive
sweating
the treatment of moderate hypothermia is
careful movements and or transportation
of the patient if the patient by himself
is able to step into a warm bath
we warming can be done starting at 36
degrees Celsius increasing to 40 to 42
degrees Celsius rewarming should be done
over the same length of time as past
when the hypothermic condition took
place keep extremities out of the
bathwater observe the patient carefully
during this heating process there is a
certain danger of ventricular
fibrillation or complete heart stop
discontinue the heating process
patient wakes up or when a body
temperature raises above 34 degrees
Celsius
bring the patient to the hospital as
soon as possible
you
when the casualty suffers from major
hypothermia the body temperature is less
than 30 degrees Celsius the patient
appears to be dead the body no longer
protects itself from the cold the
symptoms are
kkoma muscle stiffness decreases cold
skin can feel no pulse heart frequency
is approximately 10 beats per minute
almost no respiration frequency is
approximately 2 to 4 inhalations per
minute the brain can at a body core
temperature of 20 degrees Celsius and
your approximately 25 minutes of
circulation failure
it is difficult almost impossible to
treat major hypothermia with a positive
result treatment as for mild hypothermia
immediate transportation to a hospital
you
heat cramps often occur after excessive
sweating precipitated by strenuous
exercise the body temperature is usually
not elevated administration of sodium
chloride and water to drink relieves the
cramps
you
the symptoms of heat syncope a range
from sudden vertigo lightheadedness to
severe fatigue and loss of consciousness
sweating is visible and body temperature
may be elevated the person is often pale
treat by removing the person from the
heat to rest
vertigo headache and nausea initially
the skin is cool and clammy later body
temperature tends to be normal or
subnormal administration of water and
salt is often required the patient
should be examined in order to find the
cause of Bhai temperature it could be
epilepsy
a failure of the thermostat in the brain
condition the body becomes dangerously
overheated due to a high fever or
prolonged exposure to heat in some cases
it follows heat exhaustion when sweating
ceases and the body cannot be cooled by
evaporation heatstroke can occur
suddenly causing unconsciousness within
minutes this may be signaled by the
casualty feeling uneasy and ill
you
heat strike is recognized by headache
dizziness and discomfort restlessness
and confusion hot flushed and dry skin a
rapid deterioration in the level of
response a full bounding pulse body
temperature over 40 degrees Celsius
in order to treat heat strike your aims
are to lower the casualties body
temperature as quickly as possible and
to arrange removal of the casualty to
hospital quickly move the casualty to a
cool place remove as much of his outer
clothing as possible and fan and
administer tepid sponging call for an
ambulance wrap the casualty in a cold
wet sheet and keep it wet until his
temperature falls to 38 degrees Celsius
under the tongue for 37 point 5 degrees
Celsius under the armpit if the
casualties response deteriorates or he
becomes unconscious open the airway
check breathing and pulse and be
prepared to resuscitate if necessary
place him in the recovery position when
the casualties temperature has fallen to
a safe level replaced the wet sheet with
a dry one monitor the casualty carefully
until help arrives
if the casualties temperature rises
again repeat the cooling process