♫ Yes let us break bread together
♫ We're on our knees
♫ Let us break bread together
♫ We're on our knees
♫ Let us fall while on on our knees
♫ Turn our face to the rising sun
♫ Crying Lord have mercy if you please
- The breaking of bread.
The coming together.
You even feed your enemy.
- The south was completely segregated.
Black and white lived in separate worlds.
- People can hardly imagine now that there
were signs up showing colored waiting room was this way
and the white waiting room is over here.
- These people just cannot in their heads
come to understand that not only do we
look like you, walk like you, talk like you,
we're human like you.
- [Bill] Jackson was really behind what was happening
in the other southern states.
- Now I had been very good
at memorizing all the bible verses.
A lot of the ones we were given were how to live,
like love thy neighbor as thyself,
do unto others as you would have them do unto you,
but clearly we weren't doing it.
We were a bunch of hypocrites.
We needed to change.
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- There were several grades of activist back then.
I mean you had like the street level
and then you had people in institutions of higher learning.
- Tougaloo was dedicated to not just education
but also what seems to me an experiment in democracy.
- You had faculty like John Salter.
He challenged his students to think about
what are some of the social problems
that we must contend with.
How are you going to change them?
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- We decided we would do the sit-in
at the Woolworth's lunch counter.
- Now Woolworth was we called a five and dime.
Think dollar store with a food court. (laughs)
- [Bill] They sold hotdogs and hamburgers.
- Everyone shopped at a five and dime.
Everyone could afford it,
and to not be welcomed as a customer
at this one part of the store, the lunch counter,
that was morally and legally indefensible.
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Anne Moody, Pearlena, and Memphis Norman,
all of whom were Tougaloo students,
were gonna sit at the counter,
and then there was gonna be a diversionary
sort of picket line down the street.
The idea I think being that the picket line
would divert the police attention
while people got seated.
- They would be a decoy,
and they became the most photographed sit-in
in the history of the sit-in movement.
- Lois Chaffee, who was a house mother,
though she was only a year or two older than us at most,
she and I were gonna be the spotters for the picket line.
We would call back to Medgar Evers office
and give a report periodically.
Well, the picket line got arrested right away,
so we decided we'd just go down and see what was happening.
Basically what was happening was
all hell was breaking loose.
- This was the lunch hour,
so students at Central High School had a lunch break
and it was just a few blocks away so they walked over.
This is a very conflicting scene.
- I conferred with Ed King, who was the spotter,
about should I sit down?
And yes, I should.
Then Annie and I got pulled off our stools
and drug up to the front of the store.
- It was very theatrical.
- The main weapons
were whatever was sitting on the counter,
and I mean this is everything from vinegar to pepper
to sugar to sometimes a fist.
- At the end of the day it's about humiliating people.
It's to bring a person to their knees psychologically.
- The Supreme Court had ruled, I think the week before,
that the police of their own initiative
could not come into a store to make arrests.
The store had to be closed by the manager.
And they thought this was just real funny, these police did.
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- Memphis Norman was thrown to the floor, kicked, beaten,
unconscious, blood coming out his nose, mouth.
Medgar said, "Well, should we call it off?"
- We were committed to sitting there.
When it got really looking like we might
not make it out of there,
I had sort of an out of body experience.
Your real self just sort of leaves, departs,
surreal you might say, but I think it's survival.
And at that point survival was a doubt, yeah.
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- The pictures were shown around the world.
By the next day there are people volunteering,
ready to do things.
Suddenly we were visible.
- I mean this is not to take away from King,
but to reduce the civil rights movement to Rosa Parks
and Dr. King makes everyday folks like you and me
look like we can't do anything except follow.
The students today have to see that they
can identify their cause and go change the world.
And us old folks now, our role is to have their back.
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