Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
I worked on a film called "Apollo 13,"
and when I worked on this film, I discovered something
about how our brains work, and how our brains work
is that, when we're sort of infused with
either enthusiasm or awe or fondness or whatever,
it changes and alters our perception of things.
It changes what we see. It changes what we remember.
And as an experiment, because I dauntingly create
a task for myself of recreating a Saturn V launch
for this particular movie, because I put it out there,
I felt a little nervous about it, so I need to do an experiment
and bring a group of people like this in a projection room
and play this stock footage, and when I played this
stock footage, I simply wanted to find out
what people remembered, what was memorable about it?
What should I actually try to replicate?
What should I try to emulate to some degree?
So this is the footage that I was showing everybody.
And what I discovered is, because of the nature
of the footage and the fact that we're doing this film,
there was an emotion that was built into it
and our collective memories of what this launch meant to us
and all these various things.
When I showed it, and I asked, immediately after
the screening was over, what they thought of it,
what was your memorable shots, they changed them.
They were -- had camera moves on them.
They had all kinds of things. Shots were combined,
and I was just really curious, I mean, what the hell
were you looking at just a few minutes ago
and how come, how'd you come up with this sort of description?
And what I discovered is, what I should do is not actually
replicate what they saw, is replicate what they remembered.
So this is our footage of the launch, based on, basically,
taking notes, asking people what they thought, and then
the combination of all the different shots and all
the different things put together created their sort of
collective consciousness of what they remembered
it looked like, but not what it really looked like.
So this is what we created for "Apollo 13."
(Launch noises)
So literally what you're seeing now is the confluence
of a bunch of different people, a bunch of different memories,
including my own, of taking a little bit of liberty
with the subject matter.
I basically shot everything with short lenses,
which means that you're very close to the action,
but framed it very similarly to the long lens shots
which gives you a sense of distance, so I was basically
was setting up something that would remind you
of something you haven't really quite seen before. (Music)
And then I'm going to show you exactly what it is
that you were reacting to when you were reacting to it.
(Music)
Tom Hanks: Hello, Houston, this is Odyssey.
It's good to see you again. (Cheers) (Music)
Rob Legato: I pretend they're clapping for me.
(Laughter)
So now I'm in a parking lot. Basically it's a tin can,
and I'm basically recreating the launch with
fire extinguishers, fire, I have wax that I threw
in front of the lens to look like ice, and so basically
if you believed any of the stuff that I just showed you,
what you were reacting to, what you're emoting to,
is something that's a total falsehood, and I found that
really kind of fascinating.
And in this particular case, this is the climax of the movie,
and, you know, the weight of achieving it was simply
take a model, throw it out of a helicopter, and shoot it.
And that's simply what I did.
That's me shooting, and I'm a fairly mediocre operator,
so I got that nice sense of verisimilitude, of a kind of,
you know, following the rocket all the way down,
and giving that little sort of edge, I was desperately
trying to keep it in frame. So then I come up to the next thing.
We had a NASA consultant who was actually an astronaut,
who was actually on some of the missions, of Apollo 15,
and he was there to basically double check my science.
And, I guess somebody thought they needed to do that.
(Laughter)
I don't know why, but they thought they did.
So we were, he's a hero, he's an astronaut, and
we're all sort of excited, and, you know, I gave myself
the liberty of saying, you know, some of the shots I did
didn't really suck that bad.
And so maybe, you know, we were feeling kind of a little
good about it, so I brought him in here, and he needed
to really check and see what we were doing,
and basically give us our A plus report card,
and so I showed him some shots we were working on,
and waiting for the reaction that you hope for,
which is what I got. (Music) (Launch noises)
So I showed him these two shots,
and then he basically told me what he thought.
("That's wrong") (Laughter)
Okay. (Laughter)
It's what you dream about.
(Laughter)
So what I got from him is, he turned to me and said,
"You would never, ever design a rocket like that.
You would never have a rocket go up
while the gantry arms are going out. Can you imagine
the tragedy that could possibly happen with that?
You would never, ever design a rocket like that."
And he was looking at me. It's like, Yeah, I don't know
if you noticed, but I'm the guy out in the parking lot
recreating one of America's finest moments with
fire extinguishers.
(Laughter)
And I'm not going to argue with you. You're an astronaut,
a hero, and I'm from New Jersey, so --
(Laughter)
I'm just going to show you some footage.
I'm just going to show you some footage, and tell me what you think.
And then I did kind of get the reaction I was hoping for.
So I showed him this, and this is actual footage
that he was on. This is Apollo 15. This was his mission.
So I showed him this, and the reaction I got was interesting.
("That's wrong too.") (Laughter)
So, and what happened was, I mean, what I sort of intuned
in that is that he remembered it differently.
He remembered that was a perfectly safe sort of gantry
system, perfectly safe rocket launch, because he's sitting
in a rocket that has, like, a hundred thousand pounds
of thrust, built by the lowest bidder.
He was hoping it was going to work out okay.
(Laughter) (Applause)
So he twisted his memory around.
Now, Ron Howard ran into Buzz Aldrin, who was not
on the movie, so he had no idea that we were faking
any of this footage, and he just responded
as he would respond, and I'll run this.
Ron Howard: Buzz Aldrin came up to me
and said, "Hey, that launch footage, I saw some shots
I'd never seen before. Did you guys, what vault did you find
that stuff in?" And I said, "Well, no vault, Buzz,
we generated all that from scratch."
And he said, "Huh, that's pretty good. Can we use it?"
(Explosion) ("Sure") (Laughter)
RL: I think he's a great American.
(Laughter)
So, "Titanic" was, if you don't know the story,
doesn't end well.
(Laughter)
Jim Cameron actually photographed the real Titanic.
So he basically set up, or basically shattered
the suspension of disbelief, because what he photographed
was the real thing, a Mir sub going down, or actually
two Mir subs going down to the real wreck,
and he created this very haunting footage.
It's really beautiful, and it conjures up all these
various different emotions, but he couldn't photograph
everything, and to tell the story,
I had to fill in the gaps, which is now rather daunting,
because now I have to recreate back to back
what really happened and I had, I'm the only one
who could really blow it at that point.
So this is the footage he photographed,
and it was pretty moving and pretty awe-inspiring.
So I'm going to just let it run, so you kind of absorb
this sort of thing, and I'll describe my sort of reactions
when I was looking at it for the very first time.
I got the feeling that my brain wanted to basically
see it come back to life.
I automatically wanted to see this ship,
this magnificent ship, basically in all its glory,
and conversely, I wanted to see it not in all its glory,
basically go back to what it looks like.
So I conjured up an effect that I'm later going to show you
what I tried to do, which is kind of the heart of the movie,
for me, and so that's why I wanted to do the movie,
that's why I wanted to create the sort of things I created.
And I'll show you, you know, another thing that I found
interesting is what we really were emoting to
when you take a look at it.
So here's the behind the scenes, a couple of little shots here.
So, when you saw my footage,
you were seeing this: basically, a bunch of guys
flipping a ship upside down, and the little Mir subs
are actually about the size of small footballs,
and shot in smoke.
Jim went three miles went down, and I went about
three miles away from the studio
and photographed this in a garage.
And so, but what you're emoting to, or what you're looking
at, had the same feeling, the same haunting quality,
that Jim's footage had, so I found it so fascinating
that our brains sort of, once you believe something's real,
you transfer everything that you feel about it,
this quality you have, and it's totally artificial.
It's totally make-believe, yet it's not to you,
and I found that that was a very interesting thing
to explore and use, and it caused me to create the next
effect that I'll show you, which is
this sort of magic transition, and all I was really attempting
to do is basically have the audience cue the effect,
so it became a seamless experience for them,
that I wasn't showing you my sort of interpretation,
I was showing you what you wanted to see.
And the very next shot, right after this --
So you can see what I was doing.
So basically, if there's two subs in the same shot,
I shot it, because where's the camera coming from?
And when Jim shot it, it was only one sub,
because he was photographing from the other,
and I don't remember if I did this or Jim did this.
I'll give it to Jim, because he could use the pat on the back.
(Laughter)
Okay. So now the Titanic transition.
So this is what I was referring to where I wanted to basically
magically transplant from one state of the Titanic
to the other. So I'll just play the shot once. (Music)
(Music)
And what I was hoping for is that it just melts in front of you.
Gloria Stuart: That was the last time Titanic ever saw daylight.
RL: So, what I did is basically I had another
screening room experience where I was basically tracking
where I was looking, or where we were looking,
and of course you're looking at the two people on the bow
of the ship, and then at some point,
I'm changing the periphery of the shot,
I'm changing, it's becoming the rusted wreck,
and then I would run it every day, and then I would find
exactly the moment that I stopped looking at them
and start noticing the rest of it, and the moment
my eye shifted, we just marked it to the frame.
The moment my eye shifted, I immediately started
to change them, so now somehow you missed
where it started and where it stopped.
And so I'll just show it one more time.
(Music) And it's literally done by using what our brains
naturally do for us, which is, as soon as you shift
your attention, something changes, and then I left
the little scarf going, because it really wanted to be
a ghostly shot, really wanted to feel like they were still
on the wreck, essentially. That's where they were buried forever.
Or something like that. I just made that up.
(Laughter)
It was, incidentally, the last time I ever saw daylight.
It was a long film to work on. (Laughter)
Now, "Hugo" was another interesting movie, because
the movie itself is about film illusions.
It's about how our brain is tricked into seeing a persistence
of vision that creates a motion picture,
and one of the things I had to do is, we —
Sasha Baron Cohen is a very clever, very smart guy,
comedian, wanted to basically do an homage to the kind of
the Buster Keaton sort of slapstick things, and he wanted
his leg brace to get caught on a moving train.
Very dangerous, very impossible to do, and particularly
on our stage, because there literally is no way to actually
move this train, because it fits so snugly into our set.
So let me show you the scene, and then I basically
used the trick that was identified by Sergei Eisenstein,
which is, if you have a camera that's moving with a moving
object, what is not moving appears to be moving,
and what is moving appears to be stopped,
so what you're actually seeing now is the train is not
moving at all, and what is actually moving is the floor.
So this is the shot. That's a little video of
what you're looking at there, which is our little test,
so that's actually what you're seeing, and I thought it was
sort of an interesting thing, because it was, part
of the homage of the movie itself is coming up with this
sort of genius trick which I can't take credit for.
I'd love to but I can't, because it was invented
like in 1910 or something like that, is I told Marty,
and it's kind of one of those mind things that it's
really hard to really get until you actually see it work,
and I said, you know, what I was going to do, and he said,
"So, let me see if I can get this straight. The thing with the wheels?
That doesn't move."
(Laughter) (Applause)
"And the thing without the wheels, that moves."
Precisely. (Laughter)
Brings me to the next, and final --
Marty's not going to see this, is he? (Laughter)
This isn't viewed outside of -- (Laughter)
The next illustration is something that, there's like
all one shot theory. It's a very elegant way of telling a story,
especially if you're following somebody on a journey,
and that journey basically tells something about
their personality in a very concise way,
and what we wanted to do based on the shot in "Goodfellas,"
which is one of the great shots ever,
a Martin Scorsese film, of basically following Henry Hill
through what it feels like to be a gangster walk
going through the Copacabana and being treated in a special way.
He was the master of his universe, and we wanted Hugo
to feel the same way, so we created this shot.
(Music)
That's Hugo. (Music)
And we felt that if we could basically move the camera
with him, we would feel what it feels like to be this boy
who is basically the master of his universe,
and his universe is, you know, behind the scenes
in the bowels of this particular train station
that only he can actually navigate through
and do it this way, and we had to make it feel that
this is his normal, everyday sort of life,
so the idea of doing it as one shot was very important,
and of course, in shooting in 3D, which is basically
it's a huge camera that's hanging off of a giant stick,
so to recreate a steadycam shot was the task,
and make it feel kind of like what the reaction you got
when you saw the "Goodfellas" shot.
So what you're now going to see is how we actually did it.
It's actually five separate sets shot at five different times
with two different boys.
The one on the left is where the shot ends,
and the shot on the right is where it takes over,
and now we switch boys, so it went from Asa Butterfield,
who's the star of the show, to his stand-in. (Music)
I wouldn't say his stunt double. There's a crazy rig
that we built for this. (Music)
And so this is, and now this is set number three
we're into, and then we're going to go into, basically
the very last moment of the shot is actually
the steadycam shot. Everything else was shot on cranes
and various things like that, and it literally was done
over five different sets, two different boys, different times,
and it all had to feel like it was all one shot, and what was
sort of great for me was it was probably
the best-reviewed shot I've ever worked on,
and, you know, I was kind of proud of it when I was done,
which is, you should never really be proud of stuff, I guess.
So I was kind of proud of it, and I went to a friend of mine,
and said, "You know, this is, you know, kind of
the best-reviewed shot I've ever worked on.
What do you think was the reason?"
And he said, "Because no one knows
you had anything to do with it."
(Laughter)
So, all I can say is, thank you,
and that's my presentation for you. (Applause)
(Applause)