He’s the sweetest killer whale known to man.
His name is Keiko but millions know him as the star of the hit movie Free Willy.
Free Willy, a tale of a lonely boy who frees a whale from a run-down theme park.
Now he is one of the most beloved animals in the world.
Free Willy was a sleeper hit.
I think they made a mint on it.
The movie hit this incredible chord within the public.
I mean in the movie he jumps to freedom.
But what about in real life?
It’s just a story that nobody imagined would exist in the real world.
In the Hollywood version of it, it had a really great ending.
In the real world, kind of complicated.
This is one of those weird situations where in order to make Free Willy,
they actually had to violate a sort of fundamental premise of the film.
This whale’s going to go home, but that whale didn’t.
In 1993, Free Willy amazed audiences with the story of a captive killer whale
returned to the wild.
But in real life, Keiko –
the whale who played Willy on-screen –
was languishing far from the Hollywood spotlight.
An irony the press took notice of.
Forced to swim in endless circles, his dorsal fin drooped,
and he developed lesions from a skin virus.
The film crew moved on.
The movie moved on, and he was still stuck there.
The veterinarian that we worked with said that probably
he only had another three months in Mexico before he would die.
Keiko wasn’t a born performer.
He was captured as a calf off the Icelandic coast in the late 70's
and was trained to join a long line of performing whales.
♫Namu the Killer Whale…♫
The first of those whales, Namu, died after only 11 months in captivity,
but since then dozens of killer whales have been captured,
becoming star attractions in a worldwide multi-billion dollar marine park industry.
♫Come to Marineland, come see the falls!♫
Fans loved the spectacle…
and then Free Willy hit theaters,
focusing attention on the plight of whales like Keiko.
There is just no way that a facility can provide for these animals.
They have a whole ocean, and the very very rich environment that the ocean provides .
Keiko was probably the only whale that anybody could name.
He became a symbol, a powerful symbol, of trying to do something right for whales.
So activists Dave Phillips and Naomi Rose waged a public campaign
to make Keiko the first captive killer whale returned to the wild.
If Keiko could be returned to the wild,
then pretty much any other orca in captivity could be returned to the wild.
But freeing Keiko would take money –
lots of it.
...Information on the back…
So Phillips tapped into the heart of Keiko’s fanbase.
You can order the Keiko adoption kit and become part of Keiko’s family
There were kids in schools that were having fundraisers and carwashes
and sending their money in, a dollar here and ten dollars there.
Phillips also raised millions from Warner Brothers, the Humane Society
and cell phone billionaire Craig McCaw to build a $7.3 million rehab tank at the Oregon Coast Aquarium.
This will not be stopped for lack of money.
It was very clear that the public wanted Willy to be free.
And I’m not ashamed to say we took advantage of that.
How else are going to shift these paradigms?
How else are you going to change the world
unless you take advantage of the windows that open?
Once lowered into his new tank, a tank four times the size of his former digs,
an enormous cheer went up.
But there was one major problem.
For Keiko to survive in the ocean, he had to learn to be a wild whale again.
The challenge fascinated the public.
When he was in Mexico City, he couldn’t hold his breath for two minutes.
We had to teach him to hold his breath comparable to wild whales.
We had to teach him to swim more.
They also had to teach Keiko to hunt.
No easy task for a whale who had been hand-fed frozen fish for most of his life.
I mean, you’re talking about something really bizarre,
which was human beings teaching a whale to be a whale.
And the fact that maybe we aren’t able to do that is,
I think in its own way a very good lesson in humility.
Despite the good intentions,
there is no scientific evidence that this very expensive experiment will work.
Most North Atlantic Killer Whales use complex behaviors to herd and stun their prey,
things about which Keiko doesn’t have a clue.
He’s about as releasable to the open ocean as I am.
But by 1998 Phillips and Foster were convinced Keiko could survive in the ocean.
So 19 years after he was first captured, Keiko was flown home to Iceland.
It’s like really like any other mission that we do do,
other than the fact that we’re carrying,
you know, obviously,
a whale.
The benefactor, Craig McCaw wanted to make sure that we gave Keiko
every opportunity we possibly could.
We had close to 20 people working for us, and we had boats.
Then finally we ended up with a helicopter to be able to track Keiko from a distance
and to observe wild whales and try to figure out what their movement patterns were.
But Keiko’s best chance for survival depended on finding his original family.
We tried collecting skin samples of wild whales and seeing if there were any genetic ties.
We tried acoustic recordings of the wild pods.
We would take Keiko out, put him in close proximity where those whales were.
Keiko is swimming alongside the platform.
He is looking in that direction where the wild whales are.
And for this first time that he’d heard wild whales in 20 years...
You could tell he was curious - he wanted to play,
he wanted to be involved with the social structure in those pods.
But he was a confused animal.
He was dependent on people.
When I got to Iceland, I asked people, "why not just consider this
just a really good sort of end point for the project?"
He’s no longer captive but he’s not going to be forced into this life
that he’s maybe not ever going to understand.
And the fact is that it was unsustainable financially.
In Iceland, the Free Willy Keiko Foundation was spending more than
$3.5 million a year to maintain Keiko.
After a year in his pen in a bay, the whale is as dependent as ever on humans.
But the funding dried up in early 2002 when Craig McCaw lost millions in the dot-com crash.
The Humane Society took over the project with a bare bones budget and a new tough-love policy.
The tough love protocol was very simple.
It was "don’t make eye contact with him when he’s out there with the wild whales.
Don’t talk to him.
If he approaches the boat, turn your back, go below, go into the cabin."
You need to do that if you want to accomplish the goal of having him be independent.
Foster worried this new strategy would jeopardize Keiko’s health.
I wish it was as easy as having him jump over a breakwater and swimming off.
They wanted him released at all costs
and the cause got in the way of doing the right thing.
With fewer resources available, Foster quit the project.
But by the summer of 2002, it looked like the whole experiment was about to pay off.
Keiko was with a pod of wild whales and the boat went to shore,
and when they came back Keiko was not with the pod.
So we went up in a plane,
and we actually did catch his radio signal but we didn’t see him.
And then he was gone.
This may be the real thing.
This may be the real deal.
Is he really making the decision to choose whales over people?
A month later, the answer surfaced.
It seemed that almost a decade of relocation and retraining had paid off.
But on the first of September Keiko showed up here, off the coast of Norway.
And he was following not a pod of killer whales, but some very startled humans.
He come up like this…
The five-ton orca terrified the fishermen, but soon Keiko enchanted them
and thousands of other visitors to the tiny village of Halsa.
He was caught between two worlds. He was prepared to handle life out in the wild.
And he spent twenty-two years in captivity with people,
and that characterized the rest of his life.
And finally tonight, a farewell to a beloved creature of the sea.
You may remember Keiko from the “Free Willy” movies.
Well, he died this weekend in the frigid waters off of Norway.
He had pneumonia and deteriorated quickly.
He was addicted to us and after the way the movies made people feel,
many of us were addicted to him.
It is true that his reintegration into the wild, was a complete failure,
but he lived for five years in Iceland and Norway.
I’m not sure he would have lived all of those years even in Oregon.
He certainly wouldn’t have lived all of those years in Mexico.
So I think if you look at it that way, then it was a success.
But the failure to reintegrate Keiko into the wild cost over $20 million
and has hindered the long term campaign to free other captive killer whales.
Because it wasn’t a Hollywood success story, there has been some hesitation to do projects
like this ever since then.
Activists have mounted other campaigns with little success.
In 2012, European courts ruled against freeing a whale named Morgan.
And a recent documentary about the death of a SeaWorld trainer raised new questions about
keeping killer whales in captivity.
But nothing has captured the public’s attention
the way Keiko did after Free Willy was released 20 years ago.
The fact is there are lots of other animals also living in crummy, inadequate housing,
but they don’t star in movies about being returned to the wild.
Keiko was not the best candidate for a rehabilitation or release project.
But, he was the only candidate.
Celebrity is so alluring and so attractive, even if it’s a whale,
you find yourself doing things that are maybe not entirely logical.