こんにちは。ゆうこ先生です。今日のレッスンは教科書「げんき」のレッスン９からです。
Today’s lesson is from Lesson 9 in the textbook, GENKI volume 1.
The most important grammar in this lesson is the plain past conjugation for Japanese verbs.
I recommend taking notes as you watch this lesson, ok?
By the end of this video, you should be able to make the TA form and Nakatta form by yourself.
I have been a Japanese language teacher for many years and now I offer Japanese online
courses to students all over the world.
If you are interested, please check my school website at smilenihongo.com/class.
In this lesson, we are going to learn Short Form or Plain Form
in the past tense for Japanese verbs.
Plain forms are used in Informal speech. When you speak to someone in Informal speech, you
need to use Plain Form instead of MASU form. The plain Form is also used to create other
expressions such as "I think that" or "She said" or "He said."
So far, you have learned Plain Form in the present tense back in Lesson 8 but now we are going to learn the past tense.
Be sure to review what you have learned in Lesson 8 about Plain Negative Form. ない Form.
For る verbs in the negative, you change the ending る to ない.
For う Verbs in the negative, you change the ending vowel [u] to [a] and add ない.
For Irregular verbs, you have to memorize the negative forms. する becomes しない
and くる becomes こない. This is what we have learned so far.
Now in this lesson, Lesson 9, we are going to learn how to say the past tense in plain Form, "did" and "didn't."
Let's begin with る verbs since this is the easiest group to conjugate.
So far, you know how to say "eat" and "don't eat" in plain Form. 食べる and 食べない.
Now let's learn how to say "ate" in Plain Form.
These are the example る verbs that I'm going to use. 食べる, おしえる, わすれる, 出かける.
I'm going to give you the past tense for each verb here, ok? See for yourself if you can figure
out how to convert る verbs in Plain Form into the past tense.
"ate" is 食べた. "taught" is おしえた.
"forgot" is わすれた. "went out" is 出かけた.
How do you convert plain RU verbs into the past tense? It's simple, right?
Right. You simply change the ending る to た. That's it.
That's how you conjugate plain る verbs to the past tense.
Now we are done with the る verbs. Let's move on to う verbs.
As always, the conjugation for う verbs is not as simple as る verbs.
Just like when we learned how to convert them into the plain negative Form, the ending letter matters here, ok?
Please pay attention to the examples I list here and see if you recognize any patterns.
I'm going to use these う verbs as examples. よむ、かう、はなす、きく、はいる.
And here are the past tense. "read" is よんだ. "bought" is かった.
"spoke" is はなした. "listened or asked" is きいた.
"entered" is はいった.
Do you notice something here? Take a look at the past tense for these う verbs.
They look kind of familiar, don't they?
Right. They look similar to the TE forms.
The only difference is that they have た or だ instead of て or で.
So that's the formation rule for う verbs in plain past. You apply the TE form conjugation
to the verb. And then, change the ending て to た or で to だ.
So to conjugate う verbs into the plain past, it's crucial that you have completely mastered TE form conjugation.
So, what is the plain past Form for the verb あう and およぐ?
Right. あう is あって in the TE form so the plain past Form will be あった、あった。
およぐ in TE form is およいで, so the plain past will be およいだ、およいだ。
Now we are done with plain past for る verbs and う verbs.
We have one more group which is Irregular verbs but for this group, you actually do the same as you did for う verbs.
You simply apply the TE form conjugation.
する is して in TE form and くる is きて in TE form.
Therefore, to come up with the plain past Form, you simply change the ending TE to TA.
The plain past for する is した、した and for くる is きた、きた.
So, now we have covered this much for each verb group. "do", "don't", and "did."
Now let's cover how to say "didn't" the past negative for plain verbs.
This one is simple and the verb group doesn't matter for past negative, ok?
All you have to do is to change the ending ない in the negative Form for all verb groups into
なかった、なかった. That's it.
So, the る verb たべない "don't eat" becomes たべなかった、たべなかった for "didn't eat."
The う verb のまない "don't drink" becomes のまなかった、のまなかった for "didn't drink."
The irregular verb しない "don't do" becomes しなかった、しなかった for "didn't do" and
こない "don't come" becomes こなかった、こなかった for "didn't come."
Here is the entire summary of Plain verb conjugation for all the groups.
Now you can say "do" "don't" "did" and "didn't" in plain Form for all the Japanese verbs.
Be sure to watch this lesson a few times until you feel comfortable with plain verb conjugation.
こんにちは、ゆうこ先生です。
日本語オンライン学校、スマイル日本語アカデミーで日本語を教えています。
I have been teaching Japanese for over 20 years and now
I have my online Japanese school.
If you are interested in learning Japanese with me, please check the available courses
in the description box below.
I look forward to having you as my student.
みなさんといっしょに日本語を勉強するのを楽しみにしています。
では、また次のレッスンで会いましょう。