You don't know its multiples by heart
and you can't easily work out a remainder.
(Like you get in math exercise books!)
Here's the problem we're going to do...
Set it out just like a short division problem.
One digit per square!
First I do some multiples over here at the side...
Let's multiply!
If I make a 'mini-table'
starting with 1x a number...
Next multiplication...
3 x 19 = 57
Do you see the pattern emerging?
Make your prediction for 4 x 19
Now we'll do the multiplication!
As I understand the pattern in this mini-table,
I can just write 5 x 19
Without even doing the multiplication!
You can see how useful it is to be able to predict the pattern!
Now... let's divide!
How many 19s in 64?
Use the MINI-TABLE
Put the 3 on the answerline above the 4.
There's a remainder.
It goes here... ready to form the next number in the problem.
But in LONG division we're dealing with bigger numbers
So you find it in a different way.
The difference...IS...the remainder!
We know that 3 x 19 = 57
If we put 57 underneath 64
we can do a subtraction to find the difference...The REMAINDER!
4 - 7
Can't do it, borrow a ten.
6 becomes a 5
and there's the ten I borrowed.
Now: 14 - 7
These fives just cancel out.
The remainder is DOWN HERE
and the next number in the problem is UP HERE!
We need to put those digits TOGETHER
to make the next number.
We bring that next digit (the 9)
down here and put them together.
Now for our next question.
Nineteens into 79?
Look at the mini-table.
Put a 4 on the answerline
and 76 goes down here.
Now we do that subtraction to find the remainder.
That's easy!
Bring down the last digit.
How many 19s in 38?
Look at that, it's right here!!
Put the 2 on the answerline.
There's no remainder, so we're all done.
On this final step
your teacher might want you to show...
For me, as this is the concluding part of the problem,
and we can see from the mini-table that there is NO REMAINDER,
I'm happy not writing out that subtraction. BUT...
Well just think:
For this problem...
There's a BIG difference between THESE numbers!
I prefer to do a written subtraction here, to find the difference.
3 minus 6?
Can't do it, I have to borrow a ten.
8 becomes 7
and there's the ten I borrowed.
13 - 6 = 7
and 7 - 6 = 1
I hope it helps.