The modern ocean is a scary place, filled with barracuda, sharks, super-squids, and
possibly Cthulhu.
However, no matter what we find in the depths these days, none of them seem to come close
to the giant terrors that roamed the seas in Earth’s past; giant sea-lizards, monster
sharks and even “hypercarnivorous” whales.
For most of these things, humans would barely qualify as a snack.
Here are 10 of the scariest prehistoric sea monsters to ever call the ocean home in prehistory.
10.
Megalodon
Megalodon is probably the best-known creature in the list; it’s hard to keep the idea
of a shark the size of a school bus out of pop culture.
Plus, science-minded entertainment sources like the Discovery Channel love creatures
that could pass for a movie monster.
Despite the popular idea that Megalodon coexisted with dinosaurs, they lived from 25 to 1.5
million years ago, meaning that at best they missed the last dinosaur by 40 million years.
On the other hand, this meant they might have still been around for the first humans.
Eek.
Megalodons swam the warm oceans that were around until the last ice age in the early
Pleistocene, which may have robbed them of their breeding grounds and food.
Sometimes, it seems nature has our back.
9.
Liopleurodon
If Jurassic Park had an aquarium scene, and actually featured more animals from the Jurassic
period, liopleurodon probably would have been in it.
Although the actual length of these beasts is contested (some scientists have claimed
lengths in excess of 50’), most agree that it was around 20 feet in length, with a full
fifth of that being pointy-toothed head.
When the mouth of the “smaller” estimate is still plenty large to eat you whole, I
think that is perfectly huge enough.
Scientists have tested the paddle design of these creatures on small swimming robots and
found that although they would not have been incredibly fast, they were incredibly agile.
They also would have been able to make short, fast burst attacks like crocodiles, which
in no way makes them any less intimidating.
8.
Basilosaurus
Despite the name and appearance, that is not a reptile, but actually a whale (and not even
the most fearsome on the list!)
Basilosaurs were predatory ancestors of modern whales, and could be 50 to 85 feet long!
It is described as being the closest a whale has ever come to being a snake because of
how long and sinuous it was.
Imagine swimming in the ocean with an 80+ foot long alligator-snake-whale.
Now imagine being afraid to even take a bath ever again.
Physical evidence suggests that basilosaurus did not have the cognitive ability of modern
whales, nor the ability to echolocate, and could only navigate in 2 dimensions (so no
deep diving or breaching).
So at least this monster whale was dumber than a bag of prehistoric hammers and could
not chase you if you dove or scrambled out on dry land, probably forever.
7.
Jaekelopterus rhenaniae
Nothing about the words “sea scorpion” are comforting to begin with, so this should
not come off as too awful: this was one of the two largest arthropods to have ever lived,
reaching a length of over 8 feet of armored, clawed horror.
Most of us freak out at the thought of inch-long ants and foot wide spiders, so it’s easy
to imagine screaming like a little girl if you ever stumbled across a living one of these.
Image result for Jaekelopterus rhenaniae
On the plus side, sea scorpions (Euripterids) have been extinct since before the dinosaurs,
having been wiped out in the Permian Triassic extinction event (which killed 90% of all
life on earth) and are only survived, to some degree, by horseshoe crabs, which are even
less formidable than regular crabs.
There is no evidence that any sea scorpions were actually venomous, but the structure
of their tail is similar to a modern scorpion’s, so it might have been.
6.
Mauisaurus
Mauisaurus was named after the Maori god Maui, who pulled the islands of New Zealand up from
the sea floor with a fish hook, so already you know this thing is going to be enormous.
The neck of Mauisaurus measured up to 49 feet long; the longest proportionate (and really,
“actual”) neck of any living thing aside from some sauropod dinosaurs.
Their overall length was about 66 feet, and that ridiculously long neck had plenty of
vertebrae, implying that it was flexible.
Imagine a snake strung through a sea turtle with no shell, and you have an approximate
idea of what this thing looked like.
It lived back in the Cretaceous era, meaning that creatures that jumped in the water avoid
Velociraptors and Tyrannosaurs had to contend with these; the jury is out on which is worse.
As far as science can tell, Mauisaurus was limited to the New Zealand area, showing that
the area that would one day become Australia and its neighbors was always a land of terror.
5.
Dunkleosteus
Dunkleosteus was a 30 foot long carnivorous tank.
It was outlasted by sharks, but I am sure that is small consolation for the variety
of creatures this beast ate.
Instead of teeth, it had bony ridges, like a turtle.
It has been calculated that they had a bite force of 8,000 pounds per square inch, putting
it on par with crocodiles and T-Rex in terms of being history’s strongest biters.
They also believe, based on the evidence in the skull regarding its musculature, that
it could have opened its mouth in one fiftieth of a second, meaning it vacuumed food into
its guillotine of a mouth.
The plates that made up the “teeth” changed as the fish aged from a solid, rigid jaw to
segments that allowed it to hold prey easier, and made it more effective in biting through
the bony plate armor of other armored fish.
In the arms race that was the prehistoric ocean, Dunleosteus was a predatory super tank.
4.
Kronosaurus
Kronosaurus is another short-necked pliosaur (like Liopleurodon up at number 9), and like
Liopleurodon, its overall length has been contested.
It was a “mere” 30 feet long and the longest teeth in its massive mouth were up to 11 inches
long.
This is why it was named after Cronus, the king of the old Greek Titans.Guess where it
lived?
If you guessed “Australia”, then you have been paying attention to life (and are correct).
The head was up to 9 feet long.
They could eat an entire modern man whole, and still have room left over for half of
another.
It has also been suggested that since their flippers are so similar in design to those
of modern sea turtles, that they may have crawled out onto land to lay eggs.
You can be sure no one was digging up these thing’s nests to get at the eggs.
3.
Helicoprion
These sharks grew to be about 15 feet long, and had a lower jaw that was made of a “tooth
whorl”.
It looks like a cross between a circular saw and a shark, and when you mix apex predators
with power tools, the world quakes in fear.
Helicoprion’s teeth were serrated, implying that they were definitely carnivores, but
there is some debate as to whether their teeth were in the front of the mouth, as shown in
the picture, or if they were farther back, which would suggest a softer diet, like jellyfish.
However it was arranged, it clearly worked; Helicoprion survived the Permian Triassic
extinction, which means they may have been smart enough to create bomb shelters.
Or maybe they just lived in the deep sea.
2.
Livyatan melvillei
Remember me mentioning “hypercarnivorous” whales?
Well here it is.
Imagine a cross between an orca and a sperm whale.
Livyatan melvillei was a whale that ate other whales.
It had the largest teeth of any animal to ever use their teeth to eat (elephant tusks
are bigger, but they just look impressive and help them smash things; they don’t eat
with them) topping out at 1.18 feet.
They lived in the same oceans and ate the same food as the Megalodon, so this whale
actually had to compete with the largest predatory shark ever.
Not to mention their head was 10 feet long and featured the same echo-locating equipment
as modern toothed whales, making them much more effective in murky water.
In case it was not obvious, this beast was named after the leviathan, a giant sea monster
from the bible, and Herman Melville, who wrote Moby Dick.
If the great white whale had been one of these, it would have eaten the Pequot and everyone
aboard as a snack.
1.
Giant Stingray
What grew 17 feet across, had a 10 inch poison spike in its tail and was strong enough to
drag a boat filled with people?
In this case, a prehistoric super-fish that is still lurking around in fresh and brackish
waters from the Mekong river to northern Australia.
Stingrays have been around since a few million years after the dinosaurs died out, and have
proven to be a successful design, much like the sharks they descended from.
The giant stingrays use that tried and true ancient design, but have somehow managed to
survive ice ages and even the catastrophic Toba event.
They were featured on Animal Planet’s River Monsters, and despite the host’s tendency
to exaggerate damn near everything, they are incredibly dangerous to fool around with,
even if you don’t know you are fooling around with one.
They are notorious for putting their neurotoxin covered spike completely through limbs.
I guess, on the plus side, if there is one, at least these prehistoric sea monsters won’t
try to eat you.