Hello I'm Nick Shepherd welcome!
this is video number two in a set of two
about these five prepositions: from, for, to, since, until
what's a preposition?
Well, these are all prepositions; this is just a selection.
Video number one was about from, to and for . . .
. . . there's a link to that video at the end.
This is video number two,
and it's about since and until.
In video number one we started with a little story
and here it is again.
two people talking about a place
where he likes to stay
In this video we're interested in the second part
of this conversation
and here is a calendar
to show when this happened.
Today's date is July the 15th.
He's been here since June the first
and the word 'since' means she's talking
about the period of time which finishes now - today.
When we use 'since' the time begins in the past and finishes now in the present -
and he's been here since June 1st.
Today is July 15th.
Here's another example:
this is our house.
and that's our dog
her name is Ottie
I'm still living here
Ottie is still with us - and I'm still making the video
so all of these events share the same feature
they started at a moment in the past
and continued to the present time like this
okay that's 'since' now let's look at 'until'.
here's the end of that conversation again,
which means he will be in the house all the time
up to September the 20th.
'Since' is the moment when something started
'Until' is for something going on
up to when it finishes
here are some examples
I'll be working on this video until I finish it
that means I'll be working for a period of time
and there will be an end to this
'Until' is not tied to the present
it can describe any period any time
the Romans lived in Britain until 350
of the Christian era when they left
until means all the time up to
so if I say when I'm working I can say
that's okay but you cannot say
I'll finish work until 6.
What? You're continuously finishing all the time until 6?
I don't think so
so you have to say I won't finish until 6
or I'll finish at 6 that's okay
OK now it's your turn
here are five sentences
you have to put 'since' or 'until' into one of the gaps in each sentence
you have ten seconds to think about it you can pause the video if you like
OK here are the answers
Kevin lived with his parents until he was 21 years old.
The EU has been in existence since 1993.
I'll wait here until you arrive if you want me to.
The population has grown fast since the 19th century.
I haven't eaten anything since 8 o'clock this morning.
So, that's it for today.
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thank you to Caroline for the illustrations to Hugo for technical support
and thanks for watching!