Hi, guys! Welcome to Series English.
My name is Antonia Romaker
and today we are going to continue studying
articles in English.
Well actually we are going to talk about names
which are used with and without the definite article 'the'.
So I have promised you this class
and now I'm going to maker it.
So actually to tell you the truth
there are a lot of aspects here to consider,
that's why let's just dive into it.
So firstly names of people and places are used
without the article 'the', so we use them alone.
Names of people - Peter, Jack, Mary, Antonia
we don't say 'the' usually.
Well there are exceptions but we'll talk about them a little bit later.
Generally we don't say 'the Mary, the Johnson, the Black' and so on.
Now names of places.
What kind of placed am I talking about here?
Firstly countries and states,
for example France, Russian, Texas, Pasadena, Turkey, Japan and so on.
Secondly continents, for example, Africa, Europe
South America and others.
Cities and towns - New Work, Moscow, Paris, London, Tokyo and others.
Also mountains -
their names are used without the difinite article the,
without any article actually.
So we say Everest, Kilimanjaro.
And islands, for example Bermuda, Tasmania.
Here I want to mention one exception,
When we deal with names of countries,
which include such words as
Republic, Kingdom, States or Federation
we should use the definite article 'the'.
So the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom,
The United States of America, the Check Republic and many more.
So these words, including Federation,
should be within the name of the country,
then we say the.
When we use such words as Mr, Mrs, Captain or Doctor
together with the name of the person
we also do not need the definite article the.
No article is necessary.
We need to call Doctor Smith.
So we don't say 'the Doctor Smith',
because there's the name after the word 'doctor'.
But if we use the word 'doctor' alone,
then you should use an article.
We need to call the doctor.
The exact doctor, our doctor.
I know what doctor I am talking about here
that's why 'the', not 'a'
and we need the article.
Because there's no name after the word.
So remember there words, when there's a name after them
you don't need any article.
The same happens to Mount, Mountain and Lake.
If there's a name after these words
once again you don't need any article.
So we say for example:
They live near Lake Constance.
But id we say - They live near a lake,
just a fact, general information, we can say a lake.
Or the lake, it depends on the situation,
I mean when the word lake is used alone, then we need
an article, but when there's the name after it
no article is necessary.
I dream about climbing Mount Everest.
The same here - no article is necessary
because there's the name after the word Mount.
Thirdly we use the definite article the
with names of oceans, seas, rivers, canals and deserts.
So mostly here we deal with water
but as for deserts, we also use the with them.
So the Atlantic or the Atlantic ocean, the Arctic ocean,
the Red sea, the Channel, the Sahara,
The Gobi desert, the Amazon, the Volga, the Suez Canal
and many many others.
So remember: oceans, seas, rivers, canals and deserts.
So here we deal with most water objects,
Except for lakes which we have already covered.
We don't use the with lakes.
Fourthly we use the definite article the
with plural names of people and places.
Examples, people.
The Blacks, here I mean the Black family,
their whole family together.
We can say the Blacks, the Smiths, the s and so on.
The Black family.
Now as for places here we deal with countries,
for example the Netherlands, the Philippines, the United States.
Also groups of islands,
for example the Bahamas, the Canaries or the Canary Islands.
And mountain ranges, including for example
the Rocky mounties or the Rockies,
the Ands, the Alps and others.
So plural names of people and places.
BTW coming back to names of people,
I promised one more exception,
it is connected with colloquial situations,
when we want to specify what person we are talking about.
Let's imagine that there are three Peters in your social group,
and you need to specify what Peter you are talking about,
which one, in this case you can say the.
The Peter I dated,
for example, yeah, the one I dated.
In this case in colloquial situations, in speaking
you can also use the with names.
Here not in plural but in singular too.
Notice one interesting pattern:
If we say simply the north or the north of Spain,
the south-east, the south-east of Russia
we need the definite article the.
But if we use such words as adjectives
for example we say northern Spain
or south-eastern Russia, we don't use the article, so be careful.
For example Spain is in south-western Europe
and Ukraine is in the east.
Here we simply have the east,
but over here we have the adjective form
south-western, that's why no article is necessary here.
Also we say the Middle East, the Far East.
And one more thing, we don't use the definite article the
when we see these words - north, south, west, east -
in the names of some countries and regions.
For example, North America - no article,
South Africa - no article.
We don't use the with most city streets, roads, squares and parks.
Examples, Wall Street, Fifth Avenue, Broadway, Times Square and others.
We also don't use the with the names of important buildings
and institutions, usually these names consist of two words,
and the first word is a name of a person or a place.
In this case no article is necessary.
Examples, Victoria Station, Buckingham Palace,
Cambridge University, Harvard University, Edinburgh Castle and others.
But The Royal Palace,
here Royal is not a name of a person or a place,
it is an adjective, that's why the Royal Palace.
However with most other buildings
we use the definite article the.
Here we usually talk about hotels and restaurants,
for example, the Sheraton Hotel, the Bombay Restaurant.
We also deal with theaters and cinemas,
the Palace Theater, the Odeon Cinema.
Museums and galleries, including for example the Hayward Gallery.
And some other buildings:
The Empire State Building, the White House,
the Eiffel Tower and others.
Here you can often leave out the noun and simple say
for example the Sheraton, the Bombay, the Odeon.
Also there are some names of organizations here,
well you can call them buildings but hardly,
and they are used with the:
the Acropolis, the Kremlin, the Pentagon.
We use the with names which include the preposition of.
The University of Cambridge, the Bank of England, the Tower of London.
But do you remember that we say Cambridge University without the?
When there's no of - no definite article.
But when we introduce this preposition into the name of the university
we need to say the - the University of Cambridge,
the University of Oxford and so on.
The last but one point.
That's right, there's just one left.
So number nine, we don't use the with
the names of shops, restaurants, hotels and banks
named after people who started them.
Usually in this case at the end of the name we have
an apostrophe s or simply s.
Brown's Restaurant - no article,
Macy's department store,
St. John's Church.
Here when we deal with churches and cathedrals,
they are very often named after saints.
And here we do not also use the.
Simply Saint John's Church.
And finally we use the definite article the
with most newspapers and many organizations.
Newspapers, examples: the Financial Times, the Sun.
Organizations - The European Union, the BBC, the Red Cross.
As for companies and airlines
mostly we don't use the with them.
So there are a lot of examples here,
British Airways, Yale University Press,
Sony and many many more.
OK, but that's it for today.
Wow, a load of information, I'm sorry
for dumping it all on you in just one class.
But I've decided to put it all together in once class
so that you could devise the information, remember it.
So make sure to watch this class for a couple of times
to remember the information better because
there are a lot aspects here which you need to memorize.
But that's it for today.
If you have any questions as usual feel free to write to me.
Write a comment, I will try to answer as soon as possible.
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And I hope to see you soon! Happy English and Russian practice! Bye-bye!
Phew! OMG! I'm exhausted! Are you?
But stay strong! I believe in you! You can do it!