hello everyone how are you today is Marc I'm doing great
thanks for asking - if somebody asked me what words are the most important in
English I'd put all my money on nouns why nouns ? because they are what we in
a sentence refer to without a noun or a pronoun
the sentence wouldn't make much sense would it ? a noun can be countable or
uncountable as we will see in our lesson and they can be concrete or abstract so
let's start with this lesson on what you don't know about nouns shall we ?
yes as I said nouns can be countable and uncountable countable means that you can
count them so you can make them plural like a book books right uncomfortable
you cannot count them like milk if you want to count milk you need a partitive
a partitive is like a word carton so for example a carton of milk if you
want to watch a lesson on partitives you may click here - now the plural is made with an S
at the end but not always - for example goose geese
foot feet mouse mice ox oxen child children and so on
there are many exceptions - the second point so gender with some means of transport
you need to use the pronoun she or the possessive pronoun her for example with cars with
ships with countries with oceans - for example - I went on a cruise last week -
she took us to Crete so she here refers to a cruise so it usually refers with a feminine pronoun
or possessive pronoun her - there are also professions like actor and actress or
waiter and waitress host and hostess or and here we have president stays the same
president so you need to learn which gender to use because sometimes
they have the equivalent in the feminine obviously for animals we have another
word for example bull cow horse mare drake duck
etc so remember gender that nouns usually don't have gender but sometimes
it can have a gender nouns with ING so they refer to activities - for example working
is the act of a person or thing that works - working is good for your health
for example working is the noun right there
the next point that I want to talk about is that nouns are rarely used alone they
need supporting material like modifiers or qualifiers for example if I said
the head the head of what ? the head of the office of a company etc or rise not
the verb but the noun so family's rise or the rise of the novel
for example or the top I can refer to the top of the building the top of the
mountain so what are modifiers they are adjectives or they are nouns and I gave you
the example here political and in this case we have an adjective - political
affairs so you need these two to create the meaning that you want right water level in
this case we have two nouns right water level or Italian citizenship
citizenship is the noun and Italian is the adjective this is a modifier right there
these are three modifiers now we have quantifiers they are prepositional
phrases and I gave you here some examples the top of the mountain the way
of walking prepositional phrases are the ones that follow of ok so the top of the
ways of walking some nouns are always used with
modifiers for example eater if I say eater we need something else right meat
eater or fish eater or vegetable eater everybody eats right so eater is not - it
doesn't give you the whole meaning of the word so you need something else
you need a modifier some nouns are used to with possessive determiner apostrophe s or
a prepositional phrase OF for example the point of the situation right or
man's culture etc - now I'm going to erase this and I'm going to list some nouns
that are used alone - so as promised I'm going to mention some nouns
that need supporting material a modifier or a qualifier so for
example prime - kind - range - discovery top - the top of the mountain - head - the head of
the office - growth - the population growth - center yes the city center - scale - limit
speed limit - affair - family affair - case - rise -time - bottom - the bottom line is - roll - tone
the ring tone - for example - depth and I think I mentioned already level - so I hope you
enjoyed the lesson if you have any comments requests or if you want to post your own
example of a noun you may do so - have a great day
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take care bye bye