Hello,
Today I will teach you how to say 'in order to'
and 'I am going to' in Korean.
The first grammatical construction is
‘~러’, ‘~으러’.
It is used only with verbs.
If a verb stem ends with a vowel or ‘ㄹ’
use ‘~러’ and if it ends
with a consonant use ‘~으러’
Here are a few examples.
Pause the video and try to translate them into Korean.
‘I will go to Korea to study.’
‘저는 한국에 공부하러 가겠어요.’
‘I am going to the market to buy fruits.’
‘저는 과일을 사러 시장에 가요.’
‘I came to meet a friend.’
‘친구를 만나러 왔어요.’
The first thing you need to pay attention to is
In the Korean language you start a sentence
with a purpose
then you continue with an action
Also, you need to use
tense suffixes just once,
at the end of a sentence.
The next grammatical construction
is ‘~려고’, ‘~으려고’.
It has the same meaning
as ‘~러’ and ‘~으러’
but used in different situations.
Pause the video and see if you can translate
these sentences into Korean.
‘I turned the radio on to listen to music.’
‘음악을 들으려고 라디오를 켰어요.’
‘I am buying a book to study English.’
‘영어를 배우려고 책을 사요.’
‘I am learning Korean to study in Korea.’
‘저는 한국에서 공부하려고 한국어를 배웁니다.’
So, what is the difference between ‘~(으)러’ and ‘~(으)려고’?
‘~(으)러’ can be used in imperative sentences
whereas ‘~(으)려고’ cannot.
Also ‘~(으)러’ is used only with verbs of motion
such as ‘to go’, ‘to come’ etc.
and ‘~(으)려고’ can be used with any type of verbs
including verbs of motion.
And lastly,
‘~(으)러’ is used to explain a purpose of movement.
‘~(으)려고’ is used to explain an intention of an action.
Take a look at this comparison table.
‘(Please) go to a restaurant to have a meal.’
The grammatically correct sentence
between these two is this one.
‘밥을 먹으러 레스토랑에 가세요.’
because ‘가다’ is a verb of motion.
‘I am learning biology to become a doctor.’
‘Become’ is not a verb of motion.
For this reason, we cannot say
‘의사가 되러 생물학을 공부해요.’
Instead, use ‘~(으)려고’
‘의사가 되려고 생물학을 공부해요.’
As I said, ‘~(으)려고’ can be used with any verb
including verbs of motion.
‘I came to meet a friend.’
You can either say,
‘친구를 만나러 왔어요.’ or
‘친구를 만나려고 왔어요.’
Grammatically these two sentences are correct.
But they have a tiny semantic difference.
‘친구를 만나려고 왔어요.’
means ‘my intention is to meet a friend.
That’s why I came here.’
and ‘친구를 만나러 왔어요.’
‘The reason why I came to this place
is to meet a friend’
Well, I know that the difference doesn’t seem clear enough.
What you can do is, whenever you use
a verb of motion in the second part of a sentence
use ‘~(으)러’
and if it’s another verb then use ‘~(으)려고’
There is one thing I want to draw your attention to.
When ‘~(으)려고’ is followed by a verb ‘하다’
it has a meaning of ‘going to do something’.
Pause the video and try to translate these sentences.
The reason why I always ask you to translate sentences
is because I think
it’s a good practice for you.
You can test your knowledge
and resolve doubts.
So, be patient and try
not to skip these assignments.
If necessary, go back to previous lessons
or check your notes.
Okay, so
‘I am going to meet Michael in 2 hours.’
‘저는 마이클을 2시간 후에 만나려고 해요.’
‘I am going to call you tomorrow.’
‘내가 내일 너한테 전화하려고 한다.’
or ‘해요’, ‘합니다.’
‘Yesterday I was going to buy an airline ticket.’
‘제가 어제 항공권을 사려고 했습니다.’
‘If you are going to meet me, come by 5 p.m.’
‘저를 만나려면 오후 5시까지 오세요.’
‘~려면’ is a contracted form for ‘~려고 하다’ and '면',
‘going to’ and ‘if’.
Now, let’s learn how to use
these three grammatical constructions
with irregular verbs.
If you would like you can pause the video
and try to conjugate the rest of the verbs.
Here are the answers.
You can compare yours with mine.
Here I did not put anything
because it’s not actually being used.
And lastly, I want to show you
how to connect ‘~(으)려고 하다’ with conjunctions.
But before that pause the video
and try to translate it for yourself.
It may take you up to 20 minutes
to translate this single sentence.
Be patient and don’t play the video
unless you translate at least half of it.
You have learned a few grammatical
constructions so far. But there is no point
if you don’t want or lazy to learn
how to use them
and make more complex sentences
like what you see over here.
You can use your notes, watch previous videos,
it doesn’t matter.
Just solve it. Once you are done
play the video again and I will show you
a trick how to translate long sentences.
Okay, first, what you need to do is
to divide long sentence into smaller ones.
How to do this?
You need to find a subject and a verb / an adjective
which is directly related to the subject.
Here I found
three short sentences.
‘I was going.’
‘I was tired.’ and ‘I did not go.’
Next thing what you need to do is
to find conjunctions that connect these short sentences.
If you have three short sentences
then you will have two conjunctions.
Here are the conjunctions ‘but’ and ‘since’.
Now, translate each sentence
as if it was an independent sentence.
Don’t translate conjunctions.
Pause the video and try it for yourself.
‘제가 어제 공부하러 도서관에 가려고 했습니다.’
A verb plus ‘~러’. 'in order to study'
A verb plus ‘~려고 하다’ 'I am going to.'
'Yesterday...
...I was going to the library...
in order to study.'
‘I was tired’
‘제가 피곤했습니다.’
and the third sentence is
‘I didn’t go’
‘제가 안 갔습니다.’ or
‘’제가 가지 않았습니다.’
Step #4.
Connect all sentences using conjunctions.
했습니다 -> 했지만
피곤했습니다 -> 피곤해서
As you remember we can’t use tense suffixes
with ‘아서 / 어서 / 여서’
That’s why here I removed
the past tense suffix.
And the final step is
as I mentioned in a previous lesson
Koreans don’t use subjects over and over again
throughout a sentence if the subject is obvious.
So, just remove this ‘제가’ and this one.
‘제가 어제 공부하러 도서관에 가려고 했지만
피곤해서 안 갔습니다.’
Don’t worry if you feel like you don’t understand anything.
That’s totally fine.
Everyone goes through this.
But with patience and practice
you will be able to build
any sentence, even more complex
than this one.
So, I have prepared
one more sentence for you
so that you could practice.
Pause the video and translate it for yourself.
Once you are done
play the video again to see my translation.
Alright, so in Korean this sentence looks like this.
‘제가 너무 바쁘니까 저를 만나려면 내일 오세요.’
If you want more practice
you can make your own sentences
and leave them in the comment section.
I will check them and give you feedback.
As always,
this is a list of new words
I will be using in the next lesson.