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hi everybody my name is alicia in this
lesson i'm going to talk about some
common contractions and i'm also going
to introduce their pronunciations
hopefully this can help you sound a bit
more natural
i've divided today's lesson into a few
key groups so let's take a look at each
group individually and then talk about
some more general contractions okay
let's get started with the first group
uh the first group i've classified as
the 2b contraction so these are am are
and is related contractions especially
when the subject is a person so let's
review uh i am contracts to i'm i'm
so i am i'm i'm uh you are contracts to
your remember this is y o u apostrophe r
e not y o u r that's the possessive form
you're you're
we are contracts to we're we're we're is
the pronunciation we're
they are contracts to
there
they are there there
he is contracts to he's he's he's
she is contracts to she's she's
it is contracts to it's it's this one
has an apostrophe it's it's
no apostrophe is the possessive form
something belonging to an object it's
and finally that is contracts to that's
that's
okay so here's our first group let's
move on to a little bit more challenging
perhaps using would to make the
contracted form
also i'll talk about the past tense and
the negative form here too so first i
would i would contracts to i'd
i'd
you would contracts to you'd so you'll
see we just keep this d sound here i'd
eud we would becomes weed
weed
they
he would becomes heed heed
she would becomes sheed
it would becomes idid this one's tricky
idid it
it is the pronunciation it it that would
becomes vatted
vatted that'd be crazy that would be
impossible it'd be good if it'd be good
that it did so these are all the present
positive forms of contractions with wood
however when you make a negative form
you just need to use wouldn't
wouldn't to do that
so wouldn't is would plus not when you
attach wooden to your subject you don't
need to make any change to the sound of
the subject just make the change here
with the uh not part so i wouldn't you
wouldn't we wouldn't they wouldn't he
wouldn't she wouldn't it wouldn't that
wouldn't
so there's no change uh to the subject
pronunciation we're only making the
change here so that's for negative
when you want to make the past tense
when you want to use would with a past
tense expression we just use would plus
have i'll put this here
so would plus have
becomes
would've
would've becomes the pronunciation here
so again there's no actual change to the
subject like i mean the pronunciation of
the subject of the sentence we just
attach would have so this would become i
would have you would have we would have
they would have he would if she would if
it would have that would have so we're
just changing this part here would plus
have to create the past tense so this is
maybe a key point with wood and the same
thing applies to could and should so
with could and should we use the same
rule so
uh i couldn't if i could have for
example i shouldn't have i should have
same thing there
so that's a quick overview of the
pronunciation of contractions with wood
and a little bit about could and should
as well with the past form and the uh
the negative form too so let's continue
on to the next group which uses will
will so first we have i will which we
contract to isle
next is you will which becomes yule
we will becomes wheel
they will becomes veil
veil
he will becomes heal heal she will
shield
she'll
it will tricky becomes it'll it'll it'll
that one's tricky it'll
uh and then finally will not will not
remember in the negative form will not
is won't
uh and maybe one more uh just to match
the others uh that'll
battle that will that will
that will becomes battle so these are
some common contractions with will
please be careful especially with this
it and that those might be difficult to
say it'll
battle okay now though let's go on to
kind of some general ones i just made a
big group of general sounds to consider
in american english
these are kind of the pronunciations we
use in everyday speech so let's look at
the first one want to want to
becomes wanna what do you wanna do wanna
wanna what do you want to becomes what
do you wanna
similarly going to becomes gonna this
very soft n sound gonna gonna i'm gonna
gonna and sometimes in fast speech we
drop the g sound amana amana i'm gana
becomes amana as well
okay can not can not becomes can't
can't i can't i can't cannot sounds
quite formal it's not incorrect but it
sounds uh quite formal
next one let us let us usually we say
let's
let's so to do something together a
suggestion
then let me let me becomes lemmy
let me borrow your pen let me use your
computer let me let me
give me similar to lemmy becomes gimme
gimme a minute
give me your lunch
for example yummy yummy and lemmy we use
those okay uh the next this is a little
bit more broad when you need to use the
present perfect tense
we have this these two patterns are
quite common the subject this is very
simple subject plus have or subject plus
hat plus has sorry so subject plus have
or subject plus has so for example i you
we they have he she it has for example
so when the subject is uh for example i
when we attach have to this
we just make it a v
sound i've
we've you've they've there's a v sound
i've been to france you've eaten that
they've never been here for example it's
this ve sound i've
however when we use has because the
subject is he she or it we make an s
sound so for example he's just becomes s
he's
he's never been there
she's never eaten that
it's never been found for example just a
simple s sound but when we use have it's
a v sound i've
so please try to use that okay
on to the next group uh again uh
some kind of similar points they just
sort of change depending on the subject
first one had not had not so i had not
heard this news for example
this becomes hadn't
hadn't
hadn't hadn't similarly has not has not
so again a present perfect example but
this is a negative has not is hasn't
hasn't
here have not again a present perfect
example this time a negative
haven't i haven't finished my homework
yet i haven't finished teaching this
lesson yet so hasn't haven't hadn't this
is a past perfect expression
okay
good let's go on to the last group again
quite similar expressions with some very
small changes so here i have somebody is
or has i have a slash here because we
use the same pronunciation for both of
these
so somebody is and somebody has we use
the same pronunciation which is
somebody's
so
somebody's in the room
is somebody is in the room somebody has
uh taken my bag for example somebody's
taken my bag somebody's in the room
both of these use that s pronunciation
somebody's so how do you know the
difference you have to listen for
grammar one and just context as well so
somebody's in the room grammatically
somebody has in the room is not correct
that's an incorrect sentence for grammar
therefore we know the correct sentence
is somebody is in the room somebody has
taken my bag somebody's taken my bag i
know somebody is taken my bag is
grammatically incorrect so my brain
therefore applies has in that situation
so we need to think about this uh when
we're listening as well it takes
practice i think to get the hang of it
so similar here just as we did with
somebody we use the same rule for
someone and something so someone's
someone is
becomes someone's and someone has also
someone's same thing with something
something is and something has both
become some things
something's not right something's gone
wrong so we use the same pronunciation
but these are two different grammar
points so you need to listen to the
grammar of the whole sentence
something's gone wrong
gone is the past participle form
something's gone wrong so i know it must
be something has gone wrong
something is wrong wrong is just an
adjective something is wrong i know
therefore it must be is not has so
listen for the grammar of the sentence
overall to find the correct meaning all
right but those are quite a few common
contractions i hope that they were
helpful for you and don't forget to
review this part with could and should
as well this wood bit here of course if
you have any questions or if there are
some other contractions that you have
questions about like how to make them or
the pronunciation please let me know in
the comment section of this video of
course if you have other questions or
other feedback please feel free to let
us know about that too
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study tools thanks very much for
watching this lesson and i will see you
again soon bye bye-bye
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