Hi there. My name is Cath Anne
and welcome to The
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This week we continue our series on
Grammar 101.
Last week we discussed the sentence.
This week we're going to discuss
one of the common
components of a sentence,
which are nouns.
We'll also talk a little bit about pronouns.
Let's begin.
A noun is a word used to describe
a person,
place, or thing,
event, idea,
and so on.
Nouns represent one of the main
elements in the sentence along
with verbs,
adjectives, prepositions,
and articles.
Nouns usually function as subjects
or objects within sentences
although they can also act as adjectives
and adverbs.
This week we will only talk about nouns
that act as subjects
or objects.
There are many different types of nouns.
Let me give you a list
with the different types of nouns.
We have proper nouns.
Proper nouns are used to describe
a unique person
or thing.
Proper nouns also always start
with a capital letter.
That's a really good way to remember
what a proper noun is.
So some examples may be
my name Cath Anne.
We may talk about a country as a
proper noun such as Canada
or may refer to
a locale such as a church,
for example St.
Andrew's Church,
a city, anything that
has to be capitalized in that
does fulfill the role of a noun in
a sentence would be considered a proper
noun.
Second we have common
nouns.
Common nouns are used to describe
persons
or things in general.
So examples of this would be:
girl,
country,
team,
cat,
chair.
They are just general nouns
that we use in everyday speech.
Thirdly, we have concrete nouns.
Nouns that can be perceived
through the five sentences.
These are what are called concrete nouns
and these can also be considered
common nouns.
For example: ball,
rainbow,
and melody
or rhythm could be
considered concrete
nouns because you can
feel them through one of your five
senses.
In contrast, we then have
abstract nouns.
Abstract nouns cannot
be perceived through the five
senses
and that is why they are called abstract
because they are not concrete.
So examples,
of these nouns would be: love,
courage,
childhood.
They present ideas,
but they're not necessarily
concrete.
However, they're still considered
nouns.
We then have countable
nouns.
Of course you probably guessed
these nouns can be counted.
They also have both singular
and plural forms.
So examples might be
toys,
chairs,
children,
books.
So, as you can see
with the example of children,
it has a plural form.
The singular is child;
children is a plural.
These are considered countable
nouns.
Then of course, we have non-countable
nouns.
These are nouns that usually
cannot be counted.
So,
I will specify that this does
mean usually because there are
some exceptions where these
nouns may be able to be counted,
but in general they don't have a
plural form.
So, examples of these would be:
laughter,
sympathy,
oxygen.
As you can see these forms
of words do not have plurals,
so they are not necessarily countable,
so they'd be considered non-countable
nouns.
Finally,
we have collective nouns.
Collective nouns are used
to describe groups of things.
So, for example,
flock,
like a flock of birds;
committee.
It's a singular word to describe
a group of people.
So, as you can see,
that is why these are considered
collective nouns.
So, in all we do have seven
different types of nouns that can
be used as part of the sentence
and that make up
the components of a sentence in
the English language.
Now, we also do have something called
pronouns
and they are related to nouns.
Pronouns are used to
replace nouns within sentences.
This helps to make a sentence less
repetitive
and mechanic.
So, for example,
we could say,
"Mary didn't go to school
because Mary wasn't feeling
very well." But,
that doesn't just sound
quite right does it?
Instead you could say,
"Mary didn't go to school
because she was
sick." It makes
the sentence flow a little better.
In this sentence as you might have
guessed the pronoun is
the word 'she'.
So, in this sentence 'Mary'
and 'she' are noun
and pronoun.
As I did with the nouns I will now give
you a list of the types of
pronouns.
Let's begin
with the subjective personal
pronouns these may be a little
complex,
so I would encourage you to pause the video
as I go along
and take notes.
As this name implies subjective
pronouns act as
the subject within sentences,
so we're looking at words like: I,
you,
he,
she,
we,
they, it.
For example, we might say,
"I am going to the bank while
he is going to the market."
So, in this sentence we're using
the pronouns 'I'
and the pronoun 'he'.
They act as
the subject
and object within the sentence
so they are subjective.
We also have object
personal pronouns these pronouns
are as object of
verbs within the sentences
so they are words like: me,
you,
him, her,
us, them,
it.
So, for example,
"The ball was going to hit
me in the face."
In this case 'me'
is the objective personal
pronoun.
I really hope that doesn't happen to
me.
We also have a possessive personal
pronouns, so these pronouns
are used to indicate possession
as the name implies
and they are placed after the object
in question,
as opposed to possessive adjectives
which are placed before the
object in question.
So, these possessive personal
pronouns are words like: mine,
yours, his,
hers, ours,
theirs, and
its An example of a possessive
adjective would be,
"This is my car."
So, my is a possessive adjective,
whereas saying,
"This car is mine."
Mine is the possessive personal
pronoun in this sentence
because it is a noun
and it does not act as an adjective.
We will get a little bit more in-depth
with adjectives
and how nouns act as adjectives
as the weeks go on.
We also have reflexive pronouns,
This is a special class
of pronouns
and it is used when the object is
the same as the subject
of the sentence.
So, for example you may have heard
words like: myself,
yourself,
himself, or herself,
themselves,
ourselves,
and itself.
These are all considered
reflexive pronouns.
So, for example,
"I managed to cut myself
in the kitchen." 'Myself'
would be a reflexive pronoun because
'I' am the subject of the sentence.
Goodness gracious,
I'm having a rough time,
I'm getting hit by a ball
and then getting caught
in the kitchen.
Geez Louise.
Then we also have interrogative
pronouns.
As you probably guess,
these are pronouns that
ask questions.
So they are: what,
who, whom,
and whose.
So, for example,
we might say,
"What are the odds?";
and this is
considered an interrogative
pronoun.
Next, we have demonstrative
pronouns.
These pronouns are used to indicate
a noun
and distinguish it from
other entities.
They are: this,
that,
these, and those.
You might hear these words
commonly in English grammar:
this, that,
these, and those.
So, the example of
a demonstrative pronoun is,
"This is the right one."
Finally, we have indefinite
pronouns.
As the name implies indefinite
pronouns do not refer to a
specific person,
place, or thing as
nouns do and as
more definite pronouns do.
There are many indefinite
pronouns
and this includes:
anyone,
anywhere,
everyone, none, someone and
so on.
So, as you can see these words
are somewhat a bit more vague than some
of the other words that are more direct
that we have already discussed.
So, for example, if we were to use
one of these words in a sentence
we might say,
"Everyone is going to the
party." We
could also say,
"No one is going
to the market this Sunday."
You could also ask,
"Is anyone
going to buy lunch today?"
So, those are some examples of some
indefinite pronouns.
So, that is it for the
lesson this week,
folks.
We hope that this information
was of benefit to you.
Best of luck returning to school
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So, that's it for this week
signing off. My name is Cath Anne
and I will see you soon.