the year was 1985. the Hubble Space Telescope was still five years away from launching on a space
shuttle although nervous the scientific Community was excited Hubble would revolutionize the way
we saw the universe but Ricardo giaconi the then director of the Space Telescope Science Institute
told his team that they should start thinking what would come after Hubble much further down the road
his team protested saying that they have more than enough to do with Hubble but jayakoni was
insistent and so his team got to work drawing up concept ideas for what was then known as
the Next Generation Space Telescope today the ngst is a superstar and one of its kind today
it is called the James Webb Space Telescope the need for a new telescope arose in 1995
when astronomers pointed Hubble at a seemingly empty patch of the sky for 10 consecutive days
many experts predicted the extended observation would be a waste of resources
revealing it best a handful of dim galaxies but instead the effort was richly rewarded
the resulting image the Hubble Deep Field showed the empty spot was actually filled with galaxies
by the thousands stretching back 12 billion years into the 13.8 billion year history of our universe
there were galaxies everywhere the Hubble Deep Field showed that the early Universe was even
more crowded and exciting than most anyone had expected offering observational Treasures to the
scientific community yet impressive as Hubble's Deep Field was astronomers wanted more and after
more than two decades of labor at a cost of some 10 billion dollars the James Webb Space
Telescope finally launched on Christmas Day 2021 by July 2022 the telescope had reached its deep
space destination and its instruments had been put through their paces and shortly after its
long-awaited first year of science observations began when Webb released its first set images
it proved that it was worth the wait it showed us the universe like never before it showed us
that the universe as we know it might be stranger and more complex The Big Bang Theory as we know it
started to tremble or did it welcome to lab 360. it's time to explore first the basics according
to the inflation theory in the first second after the big bang our universe was an almost
inconceivably hot and dense soup of primordial particles over the next three minutes as the
cosmos expanded and cooled the nuclei of helium and other very light elements began to form
fast forward 400 000 years and the universe was cold enough for the first atoms to appear
when the universe was about 100 million years old conditions were finally right for the emergence of
the first Stars these giant Fireballs were larger and brighter than today's stars and
these first suns coalesced in proto-galaxies which eventually merged to form larger galaxies
this process of becoming of the early universe's chaos giving way
to the more orderly Cosmos we know today is thought to have taken about a billion years
and this is where Webb enters the scene and toys with our cosmology all right story time
Rohan Naidu was sitting at home when he found a Galaxy that started the web Big Bang debate as his
algorithm dug through early images from the James Webb Space Telescope Knight is shot to attention
it had spotted an object that on closer inspection was inexplicably massive and dated back to just
300 million years after the big bang older than any Galaxy ever seen before older than what
our understanding of the first galaxies of the universe which we once thought emerged 1 billion
years after the big bang at that moment Rohan knew that it might be the most distant Starlight we had
ever seen the candidate Galaxy named glass z13 was beyond astronomers wildest dreams
but this is where most of US declared that Webb is shattered the Big Bang well not really
years ago Hubble gave us the same type of data Hubble's record for the most distant known Galaxy
had been gnz11 spotted in 2015 at a redshift of 11 which corresponds to a cosmic age of about 400
million years yes the latest web observations do reveal some strange and unexpected things about
the universe but they don't prove the Big Bang wrong at all if anything it makes the Big Bang
Theory even stronger in an expanding Universe all far away points in space move further and
further away from each other as light travels from a distant Galaxy and with the universe
continually expanding the distance the light needs to travel is continually increasing as well and as
space stretches out underneath a beam of light its wavelength increases and its energy decreases so
when light arrives from a distant point in space it is stretched out and far weaker this means that
the wavelength of the light is stretched so the light is seen as shifted towards the red part of
the spectrum the higher the red shift the further away an object is relative to The Observer Hubble
and Webb's observations accurately align with the cosmological inflation aka Big Bangs model
these old galaxies appear rather than they should implying an expanding Universe now if we could
go way back in time you will see the galaxies coming together until a point where everything
in the universe is confined into one place just as the big bang theory predicts not just that the
Big Bang Theory accurately predicts how much of each element was made in the early Universe when
astronomers look at very old galaxies and stars the amount of each chemical they see agrees with
the Big Bang Theory the so-called tired light hypothesis suggests a non-expanding universe
where light spontaneously loses energy over time and it's very popular among Big Bang opponents
the tired light hypothesis is wrong though because of the cosmic microwave background
a static tired light Universe wouldn't have any Remnant heat from a primordial Fireball
not to mention the fact that distant galaxies would appear blurred which they don't and
distance Supernova wouldn't be time dilated by Cosmic expansion which they are the only model
that supports all the evidence is the Big Bang in conclusion debunking The Big Bang
Theory will take a lot more than finding early galaxies yes web observations have
found very red-shifted very young galaxies that are both common and surprisingly mature
it's the kind of puzzling and unexpected data astronomers were hoping for it's why we wanted
to build the web telescope in the first place and it tells us that while the Big Bang model
isn't wrong some of our assumptions about it might be Neil deGrasse Tyson explains it very nicely in
a video hosted by Chuck nice he explains how the big bang theory has been developed over the past
Century with many observational evidences that one cannot simply throw out the window the link to
the video is in the description below do watch it until then tell us what you think and don't forget
to subscribe to lab 360. because together we will explore and if you like our videos please support
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