g'day smart people my name is dylan dance i'm a physicist from the land down under
today we're gonna watch some futurama so if you haven't already please subscribe
let's get into it uh excuse me i missed a few lectures uh what subject is this
ancient egyptian algebra oh what a nightmare there is actually such a thing as ancient
egyptian algebra and you can bet yeah they used it to build all those pyramids
so the earth stops rotating
so this would actually happen if the earth suddenly stopped rotating its entire atmosphere
would still be in motion at 1100 miles per hour at the equator so anything not attached to bedrock
would probably go flying into the atmosphere and everything would probably be destroyed so that
that's pretty much what would happen except for the uh the actual continents moving i don't know
about that but uh you're definitely going to get everything launched into the atmosphere and just
destroyed and then on top of that earth's magnetic field would crumble because the fact that earth's
rotating is actually what generates this magnetic field because you have a liquid metals in the
earth's core moving electrons generates a magnetic field and so that's what generates earth's
magnetic field and earth's magnetic field protects us from all the cosmic rays and all sorts of other
stuff without that protection we're pretty stuffed a huge thanks to skillshare for sponsoring this
video there's a link in my description the first 1 000 people to use this link will get a one month
free trial of skillshare this channel is all about curiosity discovery and learning fun new things in
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recently actually took a course called learn indie filmmaking by olaf di floor and it was awesome
pretty much learn how to make an indie film which i think is super cool so make sure you use that
link in the description it helps my channel out a lot and the first 1 000 people get a one month
free trial of skillshare i had a good life what do you say the three of us grab a six-pack and
watch the universe end here here that's basically what i do every day to the end of the universe
the stars are receding
vast emptiness the last proton should be decaying about now the end of the universe
well now what you guys want to talk no thanks
second big bang
it appears this universe is exactly identical to the old one we just need
to keep going forward in time to the point when we left easy easy taking her in for a landing
one year to go for six months 30 seconds and here we
hmm we'll have to bring her around again
this new universe is about 10 feet lower than our old one pow we took care of the time travel
paradox that was the best thing i think i've ever seen in my life there's so much that we
could talk about but i know you just want me to keep watching more so maybe let's just say
one or two things so if you didn't know there are some rough ideas for how the universe might
end and basically this show has run with one of the popular ones the heat death of the universe
and it basically assumes that dark energy is going to continually cause the universe to expand at an
increasing rate and what happens is that at every point within the universe it will be expanding
further away from at the other point over there eventually faster than the speed of light now you
might have heard that nothing can travel faster than the speed of light and that's true but that's
only true within a vacuum spacetime itself can do whatever the hell it wants and you might have
heard of inflation which is a period before the big bang where space-time uh increased in size
exponentially well beyond the speed of light and so what will happen eventually if dark
energy keeps increasing and the expansion keeps accelerating well the fabric of space-time at
every point will be expanding at a rate faster than the speed of light so that means that the
light leaving this galaxy will never reach this galaxy over here because the space in between
is separating them at a faster rate so these different clusters that aren't close enough
for gravity to bring together they're going to get start getting further and further away
so you'll look out at the night sky and you won't be able to see any other galaxies
and eventually you'll be left with only black holes and even they will eventually evaporate
thanks to something called hawking radiation at that point you're not really left with much
and this expansion if it keeps increasing well eventually even particles themselves might not
be able to stay together until everything's broken up into the most subatomic particles and
you only have things like photons moving around which we don't even know if they have a size
15 miles over the speed of light that's a violation of the law of lorentz and variants baby
irwin schrodinger huh what's in the box
a cat some poison on a cesium atom the cat is it alive or dead the liver dead answer him
fool it's a superposition of both states until you open it and collapse the wave function ew
there's also a lot of drugs in there
i'm not going to explain schrodinger's cat i'm sure a lot of you know about it and if you haven't
there's lots of good videos on youtube but if you didn't know schrodinger actually presented
the idea of this cat scenario to make fun of quantum mechanics because he didn't like it
he actually said i don't like it and i'm sorry i ever had anything to do with it
because he was one of the founding fathers of quantum mechanics
and it's a dead heat they're checking the electron microscope a quantum finish no fair you change the
outcome by measuring it so he's actually referring to something called the measurement problem
in quantum mechanics and it has to do with the collapse of the wave function whether it happens
how it happens we actually can't see it or observe it whatsoever and this is pretty much what led
to all the different interpretations of quantum mechanics surrounding what and how this collapse
whether it even happens there are interpretations that suggest it doesn't happen at all this is
still a big open mystery and we still have no idea as to which interpretation is correct or
what's really happening with this collapse and so yeah we really still don't understand
quantum mechanics so just for fun let's take the copenhagen interpretation to be correct
so you have these two electrons that are closest to the finish line from both horses and they're
both in orbit around an atom however i take that back they're not really in an orbit around those
atoms because that's a simplistic old model that we use to imagine electron what's really going on
is that these electrons are actually in an orbital and what that is is like a cloud of probabilities
around each atom so it's not actually it's actually kind of everywhere in these orbitals
at once in a superposition and then upon measuring the electron and where it is in this orbital which
it's you know before measurement it's in this fuzzy probability cloud well then it collapses
this probability cloud and the electron appears in one location so like the doctor or professor said
you know this orbital will actually be the closest thing to the finish line
in both cases but upon measuring it well you might cause the electron to appear back here rather than
the orbital which would actually be closer so he does have a point but only if the copenhagen
interpretation is correct because there are many other ways this situation could turn out
you'd never really get a situation like this in real life because it would just never be possible
for it to get that close that you need to look at you know the electrons to see you finished first
i don't understand evolution and i have to protect my kids from understanding it we will
not give in to the thinkers that's pretty much our society today infinitesimal fabric of matter
itself laying bare the most fundamental laws of the universe i'm trying to listen to a physics
lecture now to examine some matter oh it's just a log i found in a hole in the bottom of the sea
now to penetrate its deepest mysteries oh my there's a frog and a bump on this log that i found
in a hole in the bottom of the sea and that's the ultimate secret of the universe apparently so
wait there's a snail on the tail of the frog on the bump on this log that i found in a hole in
the bottom of the sea dear eliza the snail itself is composed of cells molecules atoms those things
don't rhyme things only rhyme below 10 to the minus five angstroms you dope now ions and
pions muons and gluons neutrinos gravity knows we're closing in on the very smallest particles
of matter for the first time we are about to observe the fundamental structure of the universe
such detail such finely wrought intricate beauty it's like staring into the face of god
this explains everything even the big bang that created the universe every heavenly
body has its own particular scent here i'll point it at jupiter you know where this is
hey as long as you don't make me smell uranus i don't get it i'm sorry fry but astronomers renamed
uranus in 2620 to end that stupid joke once and for all oh what's it called now your rectum
your people are as loud as you are ignorant now get back on your turnip trucks and go home
did in fact evolve from filthy monkey men the ancestors were not monkeys
they were orangutan dr banjo in the fur and i remind you that evolution is merely a theory
like gravity or the shape of the earth pollution is real why has no one found the missing link
between modern humans and ancient apes we did find it it's called homo erectus
then you have proven my case sir for no one has found the link between apes and this homo erectus
yes they have it's called homo habilis aha but no one has found the missing link between ape and the
so-called homo habilis yes they have it's called australopithecus africanus oh i've got you now
fair enough but where then is the missing link between apes and this darwinius masala
answer me that professor oh okay granted that one missing link is still missing but just because we
haven't found it doesn't mean it doesn't exist i don't want to live on this planet anymore
mood literally had that exact same argument with someone
don't do it guys it's a waste of time good work everyone the mother's ship is destroyed
thing it appears to be the mothership then what did we just blow up the hubble telescope
i highly doubt the hubble space telescope is still going to be around in a thousand years
because it's actually just about to be replaced with the james webb space telescope which is
going to be 100 times more powerful it's hopefully going to launch later this year or possibly next
year and it's going to see even further beyond and we're going to get amazing new pictures and
we're going to learn so much about the universe we should be able to see some incredible stuff from
the very early history of our universe and when we combine the jwst with gravitational lensing
we should be able to possibly even infer stuff or see stuff from the cosmic dawn which is a period
roughly 50 million years after the big bang gravitational lensing might sound
super complicated but the idea is actually rather simple so very simply we know that gravity bends
light so you'd expect to find things called einstein rings which use gravitational lensing
so what this is is when we look out in a straight line in the universe we see these big galaxies
right and then behind these big galaxies are other galaxies that are far more distant so my head is
earth and you have this big galaxy in between our line of sight of the further more distant galaxy
and this big galaxy warps the light coming from the more distant galaxy around it
because the light gets curved by big pieces of mass and it creates something called an einstein
ring and they look really beautiful i'll put one up in the corner and it actually magnifies the
more distant galaxy it magnifies the light and we're able to see further than anything would
be able to naturally see with say telescopes so you only get an einstein ring when that object
behind is perfectly in the middle and it curves it in this perfect ring and what you usually
get is just you know a fuzzy object that's being magnified and a distorted looking image because
you've got to keep in mind that space-time the fabric of the cosmos is curved and you've got mass
everywhere and you've got light you know going through it everywhere so as we take pictures
of the cosmos around us you you have all these weird looking objects that have literally been
that are bent so we just have to literally look around and find these things and i think the
current record is about 30 times magnification that we've achieved using gravitational lensing
before we end this video it was my cousin's birthday just the other day he turned 11 years old
and he's just started a youtube channel i promised him i would give him a shout out so help me out
go down there and sub to his channel so i can be his favorite cousin i'll catch you guys next time