Hi, now that you know the most accurate theory of how electron came to life, let's get into electronics, but not quite yet.
I can't just tell you what the voltage and current are - the video would be too short.
You won't quite grasp the meaning.
So when scientists were discovering electricity, they already knew mechanics by heart.
And that's how they were quantifying electronics.
Mechanical science is the first thing any creator is exposed to right away.
Although our bodies are advanced in mechanics, electronics, chemistry, and computer science is well beyond our understanding.
All we can really learn right away is mechanical science.
Picking things up, making tools, and such.
No matter if you're tiny crabs or humans.
So let's learn some basic mechanical physics.
And what's physics without mentioning one of the greatest men the world has ever known,
Edmond Halley!
He was an all-round scientist with his own discoveries and inventions,
but his greatest discovery was Sir Isaac Newton.
One of the greatest scientists ever!
Halley talked to the super introvert Newton and realized that Newton had years of unpublished discoveries.
Newton already knew that the gravitational force between two masses was proportional to the product of their masses divided by the square of their distance.
Halley made Newton write his knowledge, and published them from Newton at his own expense.
He gave Newton and his science the recognition it deserved and this helped make a big leap in science!
Halley was a great man.
He showed us that you don't need to be great at something to make a big difference.
All you need is to find brilliant minds without discrimination and give them the ground they need to grow, and for that I salute thee!
In his book, Newton provided his three famous laws of motion
and the second one states that the sum of all forces on an object is equal to its mass times acceleration
and for that
"Newton" was picked as the unit of force in his honor.
Later on, James Watt, the great inventor of steam engine, developed the horsepower.
Every horsepower is basically the amount of weight a typical horse can pull up by one meter every second.
Which is around 75 kilograms for metric horsepower.
That way, he could compare the strength of his steam engines with equivalent of horses.
Then James Joule came along and said "Let's do it properly."
Horses are kind of random and horsepower really [only] works for Earth's gravity.
On the moon, horses can pull a house.
The work (W) done on an object would be equal to the force (F) applied to it,
which is mass (M) times acceleration (a),
times the length (L, ℓ) of
distance that object travels under that force.
The work would be the energy spent by that force to move a mass by a given distance.
We need a unit for this...
Joules!
Then Joule said "Now that we have a nice way to calculate work or energy,
"let's divide it by the amount of time (t) the energy was spent,
and we will have the work done in one second."
which is the Power (P).
So if a certain amount of energy is spent in less time, it has a greater punch.
And in honor of James Watt, the unit of power shall be known as Watts!
*He-Man theme song plays* "I have the power!"
[Chorus: James Watt!]
And then people became interested in electricity they had already seen thunder and electric eel and knew that you can make this magic
Attracting force rubbing amber against fear these are just some pieces of napkin and a plastic ruler
rubbed against animal fur
But nobody cared until later in
16th century the cool boy William Gilbert did some study on this new force and called it like amber in Latin or
Eléctricas which later became electricity also a century and a half later
Benjamin Franklin proposed and allegedly performed his famous kite experiment. Well. Don't do it at home
You can't do it at home. Just don't do it
Ben's proposed lightning rod experiment killed Georg Wilhelm Richmond back in
1753 so I make Benjamin Franklin the honorary electrical board member
then charles-augustin de Coulomb came along and said well obviously there is something flowing inside a
conductive medium like a fluid
Let's call that electric charge shown with a Q with the unit off you guessed it Coulomb
Coulomb did an interesting experiment to measure the force between two charged balls
See for example if I put some known charge on my ruler and bring it close to my pendulum
Which is made of a ping-pong ball?
It will attract the ball
if I know the weight of the ball and how much it moved
I can calculate the force imposed on it by the electric charge
Coulomb did a similar thing with two charge balls
one of which was twisting a spring like string from that experiment
He inferred the Coulomb's law which states that the electric force between two static charges is proportional to the product of their charges
divided by the square of their distance
Which is very similar to Newton's law of gravity
Later, André-Marie Ampère
A teacher and scientists did a bunch of experiments and realized that
If we pass electricity between two adjacent wires
They impose a force on each other like this
The electric current,
Which in this case goes in the same direction resolves in the wires attracting each other
Oh S***, Too much current !
So, the unit of parent is named ampere or amp in honor of his research and is shown with the capital I
The definition of current is if we have two very thin parallel and infinite wires one meter apart
1 amp is the amount of current through these wires that generate 2 times 10 to the power of minus 7 Newton's of force?
Per every meter of wire very small force. I was hoping for a better definition, but whatever
Understanding electric current is easy imagine a water hose
And you could measure the flow based on the amount of mass
Passing a point in the hose per
Second like 1 kilogram per second 2 kilogram per second would be more current
We can do the same thing for electric current except here mass or volume
Don't matter electricity can move with tiny electrons or large ion particles in solids liquids, or gases
What's important?
Is that it's the electric charge that does the electrical dirty work so the electric charge in coulombs?
Passing through a conductor every second is equal to the electric current and therefore
1 Coulomb is defined as the amount of charge that one amp of current can carry every second of
Course back then they didn't know that it is the electron passing through the wire all they saw was that the electricity flows between opposing
Charges so they call the charge on one side positive and on the other side negative and said the current flows from positive to negative
later based on this definition
We figured that the electrons are actually negative and move reverse of the defined current flow
But that didn't affect the science and calculations and in fact sometimes
We can argue that it's the positive ions that carry the charges so we stuck with the original definition in the meantime
Alessandro Josep a Antonio and
Astacio Walter came along he made the first battery called voltaic pile
Which of course was well after the Baghdad battery made by aliens to power pyramids his battery was a source of
Electrical energy if you connected a circuit across it it would provide the energy that would push the current through the circuit
Back to mechanics if I hold a mass above a surface the force applied to it is equal to its mass times the gravitational
acceleration of Earth or G if I let go of
height of H it releases an energy equal to the force times distance or MGH
But if I don't let go this mass has the potential to release that much energy
Similarly if we have two charged balls like in coulombs setup
We know how much force is between them from Coulomb's law and knowing their distance
We know the total electric potential energy
They would release if let go now the interesting thing is that the total energy doesn't affect the current
It's like you're holding one kilogram of water at a certain height
Or a huge ocean of water at the same height and all the water has to go through a single pipe
The water would still have to go down one kilogram at a time and the current would be dependent on the gravitational acceleration
And the heights that the one kilogram has to go down through which is basically the total potential energy MGH
Divided by mass or just gh which is called their specific energy same thing an electronic the electric current is not
Dependent on the total energy, but the available energy per unit charge
or joules per Coulomb and the unit for this in honor of
Alessandra Giuseppe Antonio Anastasia
Volta is named bolt
Voltage is also known as electric potential and the voltage difference between any two points in space
Is the difference between their electric potentials?
After all is said and done. I just want you to remember these
Voltage is the amount of energy in joules
available to move one Coulomb of charge and
Current is the amount of charge in Coulomb
passing in one second and when the voltage value of one point is higher than the other point and there is a
Conductive path between them the positive current runs from the higher voltage to the lower
That's all remember these and I'll see you next time, but James Maxwell man
He wrapped the whole thing in math and where were women when all these great men were shaping the world they were busy being
Discriminated against fighting to get their basic rights they were not even allow the proper education
Forced into doing what a woman should do you remember?
I was talking about finding brilliant minds without discrimination world would be a much better place
We would be way further ahead without discrimination. Don't do it at home
SUBTITLES BY BLAZE ANDERSON